Fabrication of Metakaolin/Ignimbrite Geopolymer from the Añashuayco Quarry in Arequipa

Abstract:

The construction industry is crucial for social and economic development, but it faces sustainability challenges. About 40% of global industrial waste comes from construction, and cement contributes approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions. This study aims to develop more sustainable materials by reusing waste and creating a new environmentally friendly binder, geopolymer, from ignimbrite (IG) from Arequipa, Peru, and metakaolin. Metakaolin from China (MKCh) and locally calcined metakaolin (MK650 and MK750) were used. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. Cylindrical geopolymers were produced with MK and IG ratios of 100/0 and 60/40, using a 9 mol/L NaOH activator solution. Curing was performed at 25 °C for 24 h, followed by 72 h at 50 °C. The results showed that the addition of IG increased the compressive strength, with the best performance observed in the MK-IG-60-40 material, with 52.72 ± 1.02 MPa. Thus, the addition of ignimbrite demonstrated to improve the strength of the geopolymers.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1137)
• Pages: 93-99
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-CfC5oK
• Online since: December 2024
• Authors: Alan Ícaro Sousa Morais*, Daniela Krisbéll Ortega Palmeira, Josy Anteveli Osajima, Ramón Raudel Peña Garcia, Fredy Alberto Huamán-Mamani
• Keywords: Construction, Ecological, Geopolymer, Metakaolin, Sillar

References

[1] I. Capasso, B. Liguori, C. Ferone, D. Caputo, R. Cioffi, Strategies for the valorization of soil waste by geopolymer production: An overview, J Clean Prod 288 (2021) 125646.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125646

[2] C.K. Purchase, D.M. Al Zulayq, B.T. O'Brien, M.J. Kowalewski, A. Berenjian, A.H. Tarighaleslami, M. Seifan, Circular Economy of Construction and Demolition Waste: A Literature Review on Lessons, Challenges, and Benefits, Materials 15 (2021) 76.

DOI: 10.3390/ma15010076

[3] N. Islam, M. Sandanayake, S. Muthukumaran, D. Navaratna, Review on Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management—Challenges and Research Prospects, Sustainability 16 (2024) 3289.

DOI: 10.3390/su16083289

[4] D.R. Rondinel-Oviedo, Construction and demolition waste management in developing countries: a diagnosis from 265 construction sites in the Lima Metropolitan Area, International Journal of Construction Management 23 (2023) 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599. 2021.1874677.

DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2021.1874677

[5] D. Cheng, D.M. Reiner, F. Yang, C. Cui, J. Meng, Y. Shan, Y. Liu, S. Tao, D. Guan, Projecting future carbon emissions from cement production in developing countries, Nat Commun 14 (2023) 8213.

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43660-x

[6] P. Pradhan, S. Dwibedy, M. Pradhan, S. Panda, S.K. Panigrahi, Durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete - Progress and perspectives, Journal of Building Engineering 59 (2022) 105100.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105100

[7] S. Sperinck, P. Raiteri, N. Marks, K. Wright, Dehydroxylation of kaolinite to metakaolin—a molecular dynamics study, J. Mater. Chem. 21 (2011) 2118–2125.

DOI: 10.1039/C0JM01748E

[8] F. Cassagnabère, P. Diederich, M. Mouret, G. Escadeillas, M. Lachemi, Impact of metakaolin characteristics on the rheological properties of mortar in the fresh state, Cem Concr Compos 37 (2013) 95–107.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.12.001

[9] R.T. Lermen, E.M. Korf, L.N. de Oliveira, R.N. de Oliveira, D.D. dos Santos Neto, R. Ferreira Júnior, R.A. Silva, Evaluation of the properties of a foamed geopolymer developed with different types of metakaolin, Ceramica 67 (2021) 164–178.

DOI: 10.1590/0366-69132021673823004

[10] A.M. Menshaz, M.A.M. Johari, Z.A. Ahmad, Characterization of metakaolin treated at different calcination temperatures, in: 2017: p.020028.

DOI: 10.1063/1.5005659

[11] F.A. Huamán-Mamani, C.K. Palomino-Ñaupa, M. del M. Orta Cuevas, S. Medina-Carrasco, Fabrication and Mechanical Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Geopolymeric Mortars Derived from Ignimbrite and Demolition Waste from the Construction Industry in Peru, Geosciences (Basel) 14 (2024) 80.

DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14030080

[12] H. Wang, H. Li, Y. Wang, F. Yan, Preparation of macroporous ceramic from metakaolinite-based geopolymer by calcination, Ceram Int 41 (2015) 11177–11183.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.067

[13] S. Andrejkovičová, A. Sudagar, J. Rocha, C. Patinha, W. Hajjaji, E.F. da Silva, A. Velosa, F. Rocha, The effect of natural zeolite on microstructure, mechanical and heavy metals adsorption properties of metakaolin based geopolymers, Appl Clay Sci 126 (2016) 141–152.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2016.03.009

[14] E. B, C. Z, Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Ignimbrite Nano-Composite Material, Journal of Material Science & Engineering 05 (2016).

DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000237

[15] P. Rovnaník, Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer, Constr Build Mater 24 (2010) 1176–1183. https://doi.org/.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.023

[16] J.L. Provis, S.L. Yong, J.S.J. van Deventer, Characterising the Reaction of Metakaolin in an Alkaline Environment by XPS, and Time- and Spatially-Resolved FTIR Spectroscopy, in: 2015: p.299–304.

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_37

[17] R. Dewi, H. Agusnar, Z. Alfian, Tamrin, Characterization of technical kaolin using XRF, SEM, XRD, FTIR and its potentials as industrial raw materials, J Phys Conf Ser 1116 (2018) 042010.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1116/4/042010

[18] C.T. Johnston, J.E. Kogel, D.L. Bish, T. Kogure, H.H. Murray, Low-temperature FTIR study of kaolin-group minerals, Clays Clay Miner 56 (2008) 470–485.

DOI: 10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560408

[19] S. Kumar, A.K. Panda, R.K. Singh, Preparation and Characterization of Acid and Alkaline Treated Kaolin Clay, Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 8 (2013) 61–69.

DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4530.61-69

[20] A.G. de S. Azevedo, K. Strecker, C.T. Lombardi, Produção de geopolímeros à base de metacaulim e cerâmica vermelha, Cerâmica 64 (2018).

DOI: 10.1590/0366-69132018643712420

[21] O. Mahmoodi, H. Siad, M. Lachemi, M. Sahmaran, Synthesis and optimization of binary systems of brick and concrete wastes geopolymers at ambient environment, Constr Build Mater 276 (2021) 122217.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122217