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Optimization of Binder Content and Evaluating the Mechanical Performance Incorporating Garnet Waste as Additives

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Abstract:

In hot and humid climates, premature pavement failures, such as rutting and surface deformation, continue to be significant problems. High temperatures shorten the stiffness and durability of asphalt mixtures by encouraging the softening and aging of the binder. Using the right additives to increase asphalt's mechanical strength and resistance is essential for prolonging pavement life. Hence,this study investigates the optimization of binder content and mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures incorporating garnet waste at various proportions. The optimum bitumen content was prepared utilizing Marshalll mix design method then evaluated the mechanical performance using Marshall stability and resilient modulus. 75 samples of AC14 mixture were produced with addition of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% garnet. As a result, 15% of garnet mixture demonstrates the highest stability of 24,300 N and stiffness of 8,450 N/mm. Meanwhile, resilient modulus analysis observed that 5% of garnet exhibit the optimal propotions, with increased modulus of 5709 MPa at 25 °C and maintained at 40 °C with modulus of 1,343 MPa. The binder aggregate bond was weakened when increasing the proportions of garnet in the mixture as well as reducing the structural of samples. Thus, incorporating garnet waste shows a sustainable additive to improve asphalt mixture properties while promoting environmental sustainability through industrial waste reuse.

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Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1189)

Pages:

91-100

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-s9EtmK

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Hazirah binti Bujang*, Mohamad Yusri bin Aman, Mohammad Nasir bin Mohamad Taher, Mohd Khairolnizam bin Yunos

Keywords:

Asphalt Binders, Garnet Waste, Mechanical Performance, Resilient Modulus

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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