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Effect of Filler Weight Percentage on the Permittivity of Coconut Shell–Epoxy Composites

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Abstract:

The growing electronic waste crisis and demand for sustainable materials have intensified the need for eco-friendly dielectric composites. While coconut shell (CS) waste shows promise as a renewable filler, the quantitative relationships between its filler percentage and dielectric properties remain unexplored, limiting its practical application. This study employs both computational and experimental approaches to investigate CS-reinforced epoxy composites, aiming to establish regression models for permittivity optimization. Ten baseline composites were fabricated with CS particles (0–95 wt.%). Permittivity was measured at 5 GHz via waveguide transmission, and a Python-based polynomial regression model was developed to correlate filler loading with dielectric performance. Permittivity ranged from 2.65 to 3.42, with higher filler content enhancing polarization. The model achieved an R² of 0.9577 for filler percentage. CS-epoxy composites offer tunable permittivity for green electronics, while the regression model enables efficient material design. This work bridges the gap between the valorization of agricultural waste and the development of high-performance dielectrics.

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Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1195)

Pages:

139-144

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2zBOWk

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Online since:

June 2026

Authors:

K.B. Mekha, K. Sudhakar, Norazwina Zainol, Mohamad Shaiful Abdul Karim, Mohammad Fikry, Nurhafizah Abu Talip Yusof*

Keywords:

Coconut Shell, Composite, Filler Percentage, Permittivity, Python

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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