Effect of Melt Holding in Mushy Zone on the Nitrogen Content of 201 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Abstract:

The melting of a 201 austenitic stainless steel was conducted in mushy zone for 0, 5, 10, 15 min under nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the holding time on nitrogen content was investigated. The results showed that with the increase of holding time, the nitrogen content was significantly increased. It was found that the holding in mushy zone could avoid ferrite region during solidification, and facilitate the diffusion of nitrogen from liquid into austenite. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that the difference between the chemical potential of nitrogen in liquid and austenite provides the driving force for the nitrogen diffusion. It is concluded that melt holding in mushy zone is an effective way for increasing the nitrogen content in stainless steel, and thus provides a new method for the production of high nitrogen stainless steel.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 850)
• Pages: 625-630
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.850.625
• Online since: March 2016
• Authors: Tong Huang, Qing Lin Jin*, Ya Lu
• Keywords: Austenite Stainless Steel, Melt Holding in Mushy Zone, Nitrogen Content

References

[1] J.W. Simmons. Overview: high-nitrogen alloying of stainless steels. Materials Science and Engineering A , 1996, 207, 159- 169.

DOI: 10.1016/0921-5093(95)09991-3

[2] B.K.H. Lo, C.H. Shek, J.K.L. Lai. Recent developments in stainless steels. Materials Science and Engineering R, 2009, 65, 39–104.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2009.03.001

[3] H.D. Liu, D.Z. Wang, H.D. Wei, Y.Y. Li, Z.W. Xu, W. Sun. Research progress in high nitrogen austenite stainless steel. Special Steel, 2009, 30, 45-48.

[4] J.Y. Li, P. Zhao, J. Yanagimoto, S. Sugiyama, Y.L. Chen. Effects of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a new type of nitrogen-containing die steel. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2012, 19, 511-517.

DOI: 10.1007/s12613-012-0588-0

[5] A. G. Svyazhin, J. Siwka, L. M. Kaputkina. High-Nitrogen Steels: the Current State and Development Trends Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and Metallurgical Industry Press, 2011, pp.367-370.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17665-4_38

[6] P C. García, F. Martín a, P. de Tiedra, L. García Cambronero. Pitting corrosion behavior of PM austenitic stainless steels sintered in nitrogen–hydrogen atmosphere. Corrosion Science, 2007, 49, 1718–1736.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.10.009

[7] A. G. Svyazhin, J. Siwka, L. M. Kaputkina. High-nitrogen steels: the current state and development trends. Advanced Steels, 2011: 367-370.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-17665-4_38

[8] J. Charles. The new 200-series: an alternative answer to Ni surcharge? Dream or nightmare. Stainless Steel, 2005, (5): 19-27.

[9] Y.T. Wang, Y.B. Ren, K. Yang, Y.Z. Zhang. Effects of high temperature nitriding on microstructure and mechanical properties of high nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2012, 37, 98-102.

[10] J.C. Rawers, N.A. Gokcen, R.D. Pehlke. High nitrogen concentration in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1993, 24, 74-82.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02669605

[11] W. Holzgruber. Process technology for high nitrogen steels, HNS 1988, 18-20 May, Lille, France, 1988, 39- 48.

[12] F. Zhang, G.Q. Li , C.Y. Zhu. Pressurized induction melting of high nitrogen Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni austenite stainless steel. Special Steel, 2005, 26, 10-13.

[13] T.L. Dong, G.Q. Li. Pressurized induction melting of Fe-Cr-V high nitrogen steels and its Deoxidation with Al. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2008, 20, 9-12.

[14] D.G. Zhao, S.H. Wang. Applied research on high nitrogen stainless steel smelting by bottom-blowing nitrogen. Special Steel, 2012, 33 15-18.

[15] S.J. Chu, S.H. Ma, D. Zhai, A.B. Ji. How to smelt High-Nitrogen Steel (HNS) by blowing ammonia gas in AOD process. Proceedings of the 8th Vacuum Metallurgy and Surface Engineering Conference. Electronics Industry Press, 2007, pp.9-16.

[16] Y.B. Gao, G.B. Chen, W.Q. Jin. Process practice of AOD refining for high nitrogen austenite stainless steel 1Cr22Mn15N. Special Steel, 2005, 26, 51-53.

[17] S.H. Ma, Z.M. Zhang, S.J. Chu. High nitrogen steel refined by chromium nitride ferroalloy and manganese nitride ferroalloy. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2008, 20, 10-13.

[18] J.B. Liu, J. Guo, C.T. Ji, Y.X. Liu. Research on the production of high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with ferrochrome nitride. Ferro-Alloys. 2010. 1. 26-18.

[19] S.H. Yang, Z.H. Lee. A method for predicting nitrogen gas pores in nitrogen alloying stainless steels. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006, 417, 307–314.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.11.004

[20] T. Mattar, K. E. Fawakhry, H. Halfa, M. E. Demerdash. Effect of nitrogen alloying and the electro slag refining process on the properties of AISI M41 steel. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2006, 37, 987-995.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02735021

[21] H.B. Li. Metallurgical fundamental and properties of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. Doctoral Dissertation of Northeastern University 2008. 3.

[22] A.B. Ji, S.J. Chu, S.H. Ma, Y.G. Wang, D. Zhai. Principle and practice of melting high nitrogen steel with ammonia gas blowing. Iron & Steel, 2007, 42, 22-24.

DOI: 10.1016/s1006-706x(10)60050-7

[23] Y.L. Shi, Y.P. Bao, Z.Q. Dong. A study on blowing nitrogen alloying of stainless steel 316L with VOD refining. Special Steel, 2011, 32, 16-18.

[24] M.R. Ridolfi, O. Tassa. Formation of nitrogen bubbles during the solidification of 16–18% Cr high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. Intermetallics, 2003, 11, 1335-1338.

DOI: 10.1016/s0966-9795(03)00176-6

[25] H.K. Feichtinger,G. Stein. Melting of high nitrogen steels. Materials Science Forum Vols. 318-320, 1999, pp.261-270.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.318-320.261

[26] H. Berns. Manufacture and application of high nitrogen steels. ISIJ International, 1996, 36, 906-914.

DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.36.909

[27] H.G. Lee. Chemical Thermodynamics for Metals and Materials. Imperial College Press, Korea, 1999, pp.117-122.

[28] T.J. Hughel, G.F. Bolling. Solidification. American Society for Metals, 1969, pp.31-36.