Casting Single Crystal Silicon: Novel Defect Profiles from BP Solar's Mono^{2 TM} Wafers

Abstract:

A novel crystal growth method has been developed for the production of ingots, bricks and wafers for solar cells. Monocrystallinity is achievable over large volumes with minimal dislocation incorporation. The resulting defect types, densities and interactions are described both microscopically for wafers and macroscopically for the ingot, looking closely at the impact of the defects on minority carrier lifetime. Solar cells of 156 cm2 size have been produced ranging up to 17% in efficiency using industrial screen print processes.

• Periodical: Solid State Phenomena (Volumes 131-133)
• Pages: 1-8
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.131-133.1
• Online since: October 2007
• Authors: Nathan Stoddard, Bei Wu, Ian Witting, Magnus C. Wagener, Yongkook Park, George A. Rozgonyi, Roger Clark
• Keywords: Casting, Defect, Silicon, Solar Cell

References

[1] O. Schultz, S.W. Glunz, S. Riepe and G.P. Willeke: Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. Vol. 14 (2006), p.711.

DOI: 10.1002/pip.736

[2] W. Schröter, V. Kveder, M. Seibt, H. Ewe, H. Hedemann, F. Riedel and A. Sattler: Mat. Sci. and Eng. B Vol. 72 (2000), p.80.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5107(99)00499-7

[3] B.L. Sopori: Mat. Sci. Forum Vol. 258 (1997), p.527.

[4] F. Schmid: J. Electronic Materials Vol. 5 (1976), p.436.

[5] F. Durand: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells Vol. 72 (2002), p.125.

[6] H.J. Möller, L. Long, M. Werner and D. Yang: Phys. Stat. Sol. A Vol. 171 (1999), p.175.

[7] V.V. Voronkov and R. Falster: J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 86 (1999), p.5975.

[8] V.V. Voronkov: J. Crystal Growth Vol. 59 (1982), p.625.

[9] M.S. Kulkarni: J. Crystal Growth Vol. 303 (2007), p.438.

[10] S. Kawado and T. Maruyama: J. Appl. Cryst. Vol. 5 (1972), p.281.

[11] D. Macdonald, A. Cuevas, A. Kinomura, Y. Nakano and L.J. Geerligs: J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 97 (2005).