Solid State Phenomena Vol. 342

Abstract: To investigate the efficiency of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the green method, and evaluate their antibacterial activity. The green method was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from silver nitrate salt, and pomegranate peel extract (P) as a reducing agent. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–Vis spectra displayed a resonance peak at 386 nm, equivalent to P-Ag NPs, and the FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from the extract in the synthesis process. The SEM image data confirmed the round and circular nature of Ag NPs. The EDX data presented the elemental configuration with a solid peak at 65 KeV that matched the silver. The antibacterial study of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated by the agar diffusion method. We examined the antibacterial activity of biologically medicated silver nanoparticles against microbial strains of E. coli. The findings indicate that different doses (5, 10, and 15 μg) of Ag NPs synthesized by silver nitrate aided by pomegranate peel extract demonstrate vigorous antibacterial activity against E. coli bacteria. At a dose of 5 μg, the inhibition zone was neglected, but at doses of 10, 15 μg there was significant bacterial growth inhibition around the Ag NPs. Bacterial growth was effectively inhibited by the Ag NPs produced.

Abstract: The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles by green synthesis method have been widely favored because of highly bio-degradable, ecofriendly, environmentally, low toxicity and highly reactive surfaces. The aim of this study, the magnetite iron nanoparticles (Fe/NPs) were preparing by waste natural materials such as banana, orange, and pomegranate peels, that’s consider as reducing agent. In this study, evaluate of the magnetite nanoparticles for removal of pollutants from wastewater, and determined of efficiency, yield, size, shape and morphology of the synthesized iron nanoparticle. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy disperse X-ray (EDX), and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The characterization of synthesized magnetite NPs was also done through-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy disperses X-ray (EDX), and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from waste materials. The EDX and XRD data presented the elemental configuration matched with the iron element. Finally, the synthesized iron nanoparticles with pomegranate more efficiency than banana, and orange for removal of pollutants from wastewater.

Abstract: The Aim of this Study is the Green Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPS) Using Pomegranate Peel Extract Utilized from Fruit Waste. Zno Nps were Characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrum and UV–Vis Spectrophotometry. Also, Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Prepared Zno Nps Using the Jar Test Procedure was Employed after the Determination of the Optimum Dose of Zno Nps for the Removal of Pollutants from the Grey Water. Different Doses of Zno Nanoparticles (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/L) were Examined. the Results Obtained Confirmed that Zno Nps are Large Particles in Size Ranging from 54.2 to 86.4 Nm, Exist in a Pure and Crystalline Phase. the Results Obtained Showed that the Efficiency of Zno Nps for Pollutant Removal from Grey Water was Increased with the Increase of the Adsorbent Dose. the Best Removal Efficiency of Zno Nps was Obtained at a Dose of 400 Mg/L. the Removal Efficiency of Zno NPS was 98.16 %, 88.68%, 100%, 94.40%, 97.88%, 91.18%, 89.13%, 90.93%, and 90.37% for Ammonia (NH3+), Phosphorous (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Oil & Grease, Total Nitrogen (TN), Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Removal, Respectively. the Cost Required for the Production of 100 g of Zno Nps was Calculated and Estimated to Be 42.37 Egyptian Pounds. in Conclusion Zno Nps Synthesized from Pomegranate Waste is a Sustainable, Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Approach with Potent Efficiency for Pollutants Removal from Grey Water.

Abstract: In this study, a catalyst based on Montmorillonite clay was implemented for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesizing. The kaolinite clay was used as a supporting material for iron-cobalt bimetallic catalytic nanoparticles. The CNTs have been synthesized by using atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). To assess the quality of preparation both the catalyst and CNTs have been characterized by different techniques. The chemical bonding and interactions were verified by FT-IR. The general overview of microstructure was examined using SEM, while, the detailed structure and morphology were examined by HR-TEM, in addition to thermal analysis (DTA); surface area (BET); X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman spectroscopy, and XRD analysis. The results revealed that; Fe₂O₃ and Co₃O₄ NPs were uniformly assembled on the clay nanoplatelets. The specific BET surface area of the clay and catalyst was determined to be 46.12 and 57.06 m²/g respectively. Also, from XRD, the peaks at 26° and 42.7° confirm the presence of CNTs. The FTIR absorption bands, D, G, and G^\ bands from the Raman spectrum confirm the hexagonal structure of the CNTs. The obtained results prove the high quality of CNTs preparation.

Abstract: There are many studies that detail how hazardous pesticides are to aquatic life, plants, animals, and humans, but there are fewer that describe how pesticides are treated during a separate treatment procedure. This study, which examines the removal of the highly toxic pesticide "heptachlor epoxide", is crucial to achieving SDG 6. Under operational circumstances, the prepared green nanoiron was successfully synthesized and characterized for the removal of heptachlor epoxide from aqueous solutions. For starting heptachlor epoxide concentrations of 100 and 10 μg/L at neutral medium pH 7, 0.8 g/L of green nZVI for 80 min, and a 200 RPM stirring rate, the removal efficiency varied between 55 and 100%, respectively. The RSM results indicated that the model R² was 94.6%, and all operating conditions were significant to describe the removal efficiency with a p-value <0.05. The linear regression histogram indicated that the variation between expected and experimental removal efficiency ranged between (-1, 1%). The ANNs results by using MLP with network 6-3-1 indicated that nZVI was able to reduce heptachlor epoxide concentrations with a Sum of Squares Error of 0.052 for training and 0.177 for testing. Also, the ANNs described the importance of operating conditions and indicated that the most effective operating conditions were dose and less important was stirring rate, showing agreement with the obtained RSM results. Finally, this paper recommended using nZVI for heptachlor epoxide removal. Keywords Environmental toxicology; climate action; SDG 6; nanotechnology; pesticide removal; Heptachlor epoxide.

Abstract: In addition to silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) is attracting attention as a widegap semiconductor material. Ga₂O₃, unlike SiC and GaN, is not as hard, but has strong cleavage properties, making highly effective mechanical machining difficult. Thus, the processing of Ga₂O₃ by high-speed etching employing atmospheric-pressure plasma was studied. An extremely high removal rate of 60 μm/min was obtained due to basic processing experiments using hydrogen gas instead of toxic and corrosive chlorine gas as the reaction gas.

Abstract: 4H-SiC/Si_(liq)/4H-SiC stacks were treated at 1550-1600°C under H₂ in a RF-heated cold-wall reactor in order to generate macrosteps-structuring of the 4°off SiC(0001) wafers. Using 400 μm thick liquid Si, the observed important matter transport from the edges to the center of the same wafer was attributed to RF-induced convection rolls inside the thick liquid Si. When the liquid thickness was reduced down to 30 μm, the matter transport followed this time the vertical thermal gradient like in the case of liquid phase epitaxy. The dissolution rate of the bottom (hotter) wafer was found to increase from 1.7 μm/h at 1550°C to 3.3 μm/h at 1600°C. The use of H₂ gas was found essential to the system since it does not generate gas trapping (unlike Ar) and it participates to the creation of the vertical thermal gradient.

Abstract: A SiC MOSFET fabricated on a thin 15R-SiC layer on top of a 4H-SiC would benefit from both the higher inversion channel mobility of 15R-SiC and higher bulk mobility of 4H-SiC. In this work, a method based on Al implantation followed by UV laser annealing (UV-LA) to form 15R-SiC on 4H is shown. Evaluation of crystal quality and SiC polytype identification are performed by Raman spectroscopy. We show that UV-LA is able to grow 15R-SiC and cure the crystal damaged by ion implantation until a level close to the pristine substrate. This opens new perspectives for fabrication of SiC n-type MOSFETs.

Abstract: In this paper, we explore the effects of excimer laser irradiation on heavily Aluminum (Al)-implanted silicon carbide (4H-SiC) layer. 4H-SiC layers were exposed to UV-laser radiation (308 nm, 160 ns), at different laser fluences and the effects of the laser exposure surface were evaluated from morphological, micro-structural and nano-electrical standpoints. Depending on the irradiation condition, significant near-surface changes were observed. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the implanted layer, evaluated by means of transmission line method, gave a sheet-resistance of 1.62×10⁴ kW/sq for the irradiated layer, linked to a poor activation of the p-type dopant and/or a low mobility of the carriers in the laser-modified 4H-SiC layer. This study can be useful for a fundamental understanding of laser annealing treatments of 4H-SiC implanted layers.