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Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.45, No.4 (1953), pp.759-767
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry.
Rubber Chemistry and Technology Vol.XXXⅦ, No.3 (1964), pp.758-769
Materials and Structures Vol.38, No.280 (2005), pp.601-607
JSCE Journal of Materials, Concrete Structures and Pavements Vol.59, No.732 (2003), pp.77-87

It is the scale, the material properties are solely defined by the physical chemistry of the formation process of the material.
The pore structure is simulated by a consistent distribution of average sized grains.
Modelling of cracking in concrete structures is a key issue for durability reason.
Fig. 4 shows the multi-scale phonemes of concrete structures.
Fig. 5 Coupling between the level of cement paste and structure after V.

The photocatalyst material and structure are the key aspects of the photocatalysis procedure.
The structure and composition of the surface have a huge impact on the efficiency of photocatalytic properties [21-24].
Lizzit, Impact of Defects on the Surface Chemistry of ZnO(0001̄)−O, J.
Surya, Photoluminescence and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of ZnO Tetrapod Structures, Adv.
Qian, unable Synthesis of Various Wurtzite ZnS Architectural Structures and Their Photocatalytic Properties, AdV.

Effect of Grain Size on the Behavior of Exfoliation Corrosion in Cold-Rolled Mg-14mass%Li-3mass%Al Alloy Yuta KAWAHARA1,a* and Taiki MORISHIGE2,b 1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, 564-8680, Japan 2Department of Chemistry and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, 564-8680, Japan ak566495@kansai-u.ac.jp and btmorishi@kansai-u.ac.jp Keywords: Mg-Li alloy, Microstructure, Grain size, Grain boundary, Corrosion, Exfoliation corrosion, Oxide film, Shear band, Dislocation Abstract.
Exfoliation corrosion initiated after 30 minutes in the coarse-grained structure (279μm), whereas it was delayed to 60 minutes in the fine-grained structure (75μm) and further to 75 minutes in the ultrafine-grained structure (39μm).
In particular, the β-type Mg-Li alloy, in which more than 11 mass% of Li is added to Mg, exhibits excellent cold workability due to BCC structured matrix phase.
Mg-14mass%Li-3mass%Al (LA143) alloy has high corrosion resistance in bcc-structured Mg-Li alloys.
Subsequently, cold rolling with 70% of reduction rate was performed, and recovery annealing at 100 °C for 2 hours was carried out to produce a structure consisting of pancake shaped grains without intergranular dislocations.

The dimension of this structure is 800x20 µm.
The last structure that we have realized was called the "bicycle wheel".
The structures were fabricated as follows.
The system used for the plasma etching was an ICP plasma system with SF6/O2 chemistry.
To reach the complete suspension of the structure we used a KOH solution to etch selectively the Si substrate under the SiC structures.

The crystal structure was identified by XRD as a single-phase perovskite structure, with tetragonal symmetry.
Large number researches explained complex phenomena of MnO2 with perovskite structure, which the local atomic structure around Mn ions plays a crucial role in magnetic, electronic and transport properties.
The distortion of the structure indicates that MnO2 has diffused into the KNNL lattice.
Changes in defect chemistry may also contribute to variations in mass transport and grain growth [13].
The crystal structure was identified by XRD as a single-phase perovskite structure, with tetragonal symmetry.

The amount of Na+ ions influences the crystal structure and morphology of WNFs.
Nearly similar band gap is found irrespective of crystal structure and morphological difference.
Moreover, the metastable hexagonal crystal structure of WO3 nanofiber is an additional advantage due to its distorted asymmetric structure having three possible locations such as tunnel like trigonal cavity, hexagonal window and four co-ordinated square window for more occupation of ions in the structure.
This high structural openness due to its wide tunnel like structures than the layered symmetric structure favors the easy transport of ions to and fro from electrolyte to electrode and vice-versa.
Li, Inorganic Chemistry 43 (2004) 5442-5446

They are used extensively in the parts of cars and motorcycles, structures of airplanes, and parts of sail boats due to high thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, good surface treatment, and good formability.
Results and Discussion Fig. 1 shows the microstructure of as-cast 6061 aluminum alloy, which consists of large dendritic structure with large segregation, along with Mg2Si and AlFeSi phases in the interdendritic region [2].
The microstructure of gas-atomized 6061 aluminum powder mainly consists of fine cellular structure with less segregation and small cell sizes less than 5 μm due to rapid solidification, as shown in Fig. 3, which is significantly different from that of as-cast 6061 aluminum alloy.
The microstructure of gas-atomized 6061 aluminum powder consists of fine cellular structure with less segregation and small cell sizes less than 5 μm due to rapid solidification, while as-cast 6061 aluminum alloy consists of large dendritic structure with large segregation. 2.
Ortner, “Surface chemistry of water atomised aluminium alloy powders”, Applied Surface Science 191 (2002) p26–p43 [8] Stefan Markus, “Jet break up of liquid metal in twin fluid atomization”, Materials Science and Engineering A326 (2002) p122–p133

(a) Eight B2 or ordered body-centered cubic unit cells, and (b) the L21 structure, which is a further ordering of the B2 structure.
This was due to the precipitation of large (~1 µm) lenticular b-Mn-structured precipitates [1, 5, 13], which act like in-situ fiber strengtheners, see Figure 4.
Unfortunately, the b-Mn-structured precipitates also make the alloys more brittle [1].
TEM observations have shown that in the L21/B2 alloy Fe30Ni20Mn20Al30 slip is by a<100> dislocations at 873-1073 K (brittle fracture occurred at lower temperatures) [15] at which temperatures the L21 phase has disordered to B2 so that two B2 phases of different chemistry are present [16].
STEM image and corresponding EDS maps of Fe25Ni25Mn20Al30 annealed 100 h at 973 K showing large b-Mn-structured precipitates [13].

The infiltration of molten metal into porous ceramic under external pressure was main fabrication method to achieve interpenetrating structure.
In this paper, we had fabricated SiC ceramics with 3D network structure, then SiCn/Mg composites were prepared by vacuum infiltration technology.
SiC ceramics with network structure can be obtained after sintering.
The magnesium alloy was filled in three dimensional network structure of SiC ceramics perform.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2003, Vol.81(2):329-332 [3]Sun Y, Zhang HF, Wang AM, et al.