Search results

Introduction In doping of the zinc aluminate may occur for Al+3 and Zn+2 ions replacements, where the charge and ionic radius, and coordination number should be taken into consideration.
Thus, the hope is that ions with valence II and coordination numbers smaller displace the divalent zinc ions, and ions with valence III and higher coordination numbers to replace the Al3+ [1-4].
For phase identification program was used (Pmgr) from Shimadzu and obtain crystallographic patterns of the chips was accessed the database JCPDS.
It can be observed diffraction patterns for both the formation of a major phase of cubic spinel crystalline phase normal ZnAl2O4 according to JCPDS 05-0669 card, and also peaks of the secondary phase EuAlO3 according to JCPDS 30-0012 card.
The results of this research work confirm the results obtained by Barros (2005) [11], the feasibility of using the basic spiral resistance ceramic samples of the reaction ZnAl1.9Eu0.1O4 has enabled the production of samples with phase traces only EuAlO3 secondary and ZnO.

The compositions, CuxZn1xFe2O4, were prepared from powder mixture of oxides (CuO, ZnO) of purity better than 99% along with locally available low cost Fe2O3 with 0.5 wt% of Si as an additive.
The lattice constant values were compared with values reported in JCPDS cards [6].
Where 8 represents the number of molecules in a unit cell of spinal lattice, M is the molecular weight of the sample, "a" is the lattice constant and N is the Avogadro's number.
Since CuO (6.31g/cm3) is heavier than ZnO (5.60g/cm3), as mentioned in CRC book [11].
Smith, Mineral Powder Diffraction File, JCPDS, USA (1986)

Several nanoparticles and nanostructures have been successfully synthesized through employing ILs reaction systems, for example, TiO2 hollow microspheres [9], nanosheets [10], palladium nanoparticles [11], tellurium nanorods and nanowires [12] and ZnO nanocones [13].
All the diffraction peaks can be readily indexed to the hexagonal b-Ni(OH)2 with a space group of ( JCPDS Card no. 14-0117 ).
The calculated lattice constants (a=0.3116nm，c=0.4618 nm for sample A, a = 0.3127 nm and c = 0.4610 nm for sample B, a = 0.3132 nm and c = 0.4616 nm for sample C, and a = 0.3134 nm and c = 0.4616 nm for sample D) are well consistent with the bulk values (a = 0.3126 nm, c = 0.4605 nm, JCPDS 14-0117) in the range of error.
The diffraction peaks of the other three samples are relatively sharp and their relative intensities are similar to those of the JCPDS file no.14-0117, seen in Fig. 1b-d.
With the amount of [Bmim]BF4 further increasing, this effect would be reinforced markedly, as a result, a large number of nanorods formed.

The cubic structure of Y2O3 NPs is confirmed by XRD examination, which also corresponds to JCPDS card No. 083-0927.
The peaks are indexed to the cubic phase of Y₂O₃, as per the JCPDS Card No. 083-0927 [21, 36].
XRD analysis confirms the formation of a cubic structure, in agreement with JCPDS card No. 083-0927.
Effect of calcination temperature on the properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
Insight of yttrium doping on the structural and dielectric characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles.

The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of Al-doped ZnO film.
ZnO is a most sought material over two decades for variety of applications.
The doping of Al onto ZnO is preferred, as Al is cheap, comparative ionic radii with zinc and also enhances the optical and electrical properties of ZnO.
The diffraction patterns were matched with JCPDS card number 79-0208, and cell parameters were determined.
The SEM image of ZnO film is shown for comparison with AZO films.

Table 1 Different mixing content of urea and citric acid Sample number Content of urea [g] Content of citric acid[g] S1 2.5×1.0=2.5 / S2 2.5×0.5=1.25 1.4009×0.5=0.7004 S3 2.5×0.2=0.5 1.4009×0.8=0.1207 The photos of AZO nanometer powders with different mixing content of urea and citric acid are shown in Fig.1.
But there are large numbers of gray-black impurities in the bottom of crucible of the S3 sample, the reason is that the sample could not be calcined completely because of excessive citric acid.
It can be seen that all the diffraction peeks of each sample were well coincident with the standard JCPDS card.
No impurity peaks other than ZnO were detected, which clearly suggests that new compounds have not formed while the doping of Al element in the AZO powders.
Zn2+ was replaced by Al3+ and formed Al/ZnO solid solution and maintains the lattice structure of ZnO.

Most of the diffraction peaks are in good agreement with the lattice planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), and (200) of the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO (indexed in the spectra for 0.01 and 0.10 M precursor concentrations) as reported in JCPDS card no. 36-1451.
Fig. 5 Schematic diagrams of the MSM UV PDs based on (a) separated ZnO NR clusters and (b) densely distributed ZnO NRs grown on a continuous thin ZnO seed layer.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology under contract number MOST-104-2221-E-158-003 and the Kaohsiung Campus of Shih Chien University under contract number USC-104-08-01004.
Dunn, Joe Briscoe, Improved performance of p–n junction-based ZnO nanogenerators through CuSCN-passivation of ZnO nanorods, J.
Gao, Self-catalytic synthesis and photoluminescence of ZnO nanostructures on ZnO nanocrystal substrates, Appl.

For each sample, all the peaks can be indexed to the body centred cubic (bcc) structural In2O3 with lattice constant of a = 10.11Å (JCPDS card No.06-0416).
The bottom spectrum diagram refers to the standard bulk In2O3 (JCPDS card No.06-0416).
It is further observed that a large number of particles are coated on the surface of the nanorod, which is connected with the growth mechanism of In2O3 nanorods.
SnO2, In2O3, ZnO and WO3 case studies, Nanoscale. 3 (2011) 154-165
Gösele, Gold at the root or at the tip of ZnO nanowires: a model, M.

In our previous work, to achieve the simultaneous effects of reducing kL and tuning n for further ZT improvement, ZnAlO (Al-doped ZnO) as nanoinclusions were embedded into p-type BiSbTe [9].
Experimental Stoichiometric amounts of Bi, Te, Se with high purity (Alfa Aesar, 99.99%) were weighed and loaded-into a quartz tube, respectively with x wt% ZnAlO (x= 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) nanopowders (Al2O3/(Al2O3+ZnO) = 4wt%.
All the patterns are consistent with the JCPDS card (50-0954).
Here, the kL can be calculated by kL = k - ke = k- LsT, where ke is the electronic thermal conductivity, L is the Lorenz number, about 1.5 × 10-8 V2 K-2 in non-degenerate semiconductors with acoustic scattering.[12] At low temperatures (<350K), the samples with ZnAlO have obtained lower k compared with that of BiTeSe.
Ma, Characterization of Al-doped ZnO thermoelectric materials prepared by RF plasma powder processing and hot press sintering, Ceram.

The bandgap of the synthesized films reduces by rising the number of laser pulses.
The patterns of XRD analysis of the films with thickness (235, 250, and 270 nm) show that the synthesis CdS films have polycrystalline and hexagonal nanostructure with three notable peaks along (100), (002), and (101) planes which are matched with standard data card of CdS (JCPDS card no. 41-1049) and preferentially orientated along (101) plane.
The lattice constants (a) and (c) are close to the lattice constant values (a= 4.1 Ǻ, c= 6.7 Ǻ) of standard data card of CdS (JCPDS card no. 41-1049).
This means that as the number of laser pulses increases the bandgap reduce.
Jader "Preparation and Study of CdO/ZnO/Fe2O3 Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation" Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3 SI, no.14(2019): 6036 – 6041