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The properties of the materials are strongly dependent on the shear plastic deformation behavior during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), which is controlled mainly by die geometry, material properties, and the friction between billet and the die.
Novel properties like superplastic behavior can be attained in some materials [3, 4].
In order to develop the simulations a deformable sample was used, in which the properties for commercial purity copper (stress-strain relationship, s = 359 e 0.3144 MPa) have been taken into account.
The material properties like, Young’s modulus 120 GPa and Poisson’s ratio 0.34 are incorporated in the FEM simulation.
The selected positions as well as the frictional conditions will be critical factors in the effective strain.

Shot peening mechanical treatment surface, commonly used to improve material surface mechanical properties, as fatigue and wear resistance increase, induces deformations in the material crystal lattice, characterized by the presence of stress.
Surface residual stress induction after shot peening and plasma nitriding treatments can be efficient methods to improve material mechanical properties.
Surface engineering techniques are widely used to modify the surface properties of materials through thermal, mechanical, and chemical treatments.
According to Riazi et al. [24] the final residual stress can be given by the contribution of two factors acting in different directions.
Thus, tests are necessary to verify the effects on mechanical properties, chemical composition, roughness, and hardness of the formed layer.

Despite the broad range of available flame retardants, the most promising direction of improvement the fire resistance is proper selection of disperse phases PCM in such a way that reduces the flammability and smoke formation while not affects other operational properties.
These factors can greatly influence the processes of pyrolysis of the filled polymer [21] and, consequently, the fire hazard of PCM.
It is also follows from Fig. 4 that nature of the dependence between 100/LOI and many control factors related to amount of filler is linear.
Evaluating the Influence of Varied Fire-retardant Surface Coatings on Post-Heat Flexural Properties of Glass/Epoxy Composites.
Preparation and Properties of a Single Molecule Intumescent Flame Retardant.

At temperature above 873K the oxidation behavior was affected by the ratio N/C where the oxidation resistance of the alloy increased by increasing N/C ratio.
Authors [10 - 20] found that the presence of nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels improve oxidation resistance, corrosion behavior and mechanical properties The aim of this study is the investigation of the oxidation behavior of developed automotive steel grade DIN X45CrNiW18-9 – used in exhaust valve through partial or total replacement of Ni by Nitrogen and clarifying kinetics of the formation of the oxide film at different temperatures.
By increasing the temperature, the points in the early hours of oxidation are more likely to form straight lines with higher regression factor.
Berns: “High nitrogen steels” structure, properties, manufacture, applications” Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 1999
Jargelius — Pettersson “Factors affecting the oxidation mode of stainless steels’ Materials at High Temperatures, 17, No.2, pp.287-292, 2000

Introduction Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films have attracted much attention due to their exceptional mechanical, tribological and electrical properties.
For example, ahybrid Si cantilever mounted with a very thin NCD coating layer has shown promising sensing properties for chemical sensor applications by utilizing exceptional chemical inertness and biocompatibility of NCD surface [5,6].
The most critical factor that affects the surface roughness of the NCD film is pretreatment technique for initial diamond nucleation.
Mechanical abrasion was performed with diamond suspensions (1 and 3μm particle size) in a mechanical polisher (Struers RotoPol-25) for 10 minutes.
The structural properties of the grown films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific DXR Raman Microscope).

Berti Pichat 6/2, I- 40127 Bologna, Italy Keywords: Mechanical alloying; Binary Oxides; Phase transformations; X-ray diffraction.
The aim of this research work is to gain an insight into how the different mechanical energy transfer of two different milling devices (a mixer/shaker mill and a planetary ball mill) may affect the synthesis process and the features of the final products.
Curves of the un-milled sample are amplified by a factor 5. 4 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) thermally induced decomposition of FeO into Fe and Fe3O4.
Conclusions The effect of the mechanical milling through two different devices on an equimolar mixture of Fe and Fe3O4 powders has been studied.
The energy transfer rate of the mill has been demonstrated to be a fundamental parameter in the determination of the milling products and their properties.

However, other factors affecting the residual resistance of stabilizing Cu must be taken into account.
Thus, there is no great difference in the grain sizes and their spread, which means that some other factors but not grain boundaries cause different values of the residual resistance.
As all the composite constituents have markedly differing mechanical properties and different deformability, the real loading on the Cu sheath is much higher in the composite wire than in free copper even at formally equal deformation degrees.
Wide scatter in the Cr diffusivity values shows that besides the diffusion of chromium there are some other factors affecting the residual resistance of copper sheaths.
This analysis demonstrates that besides Cr diffusion there are some other factors responsible for the RRR decrease.

Polymer Composites and the Environment Due to exposure to environmental factors like heat, light or chemicals, polymer composites start to lose their properties, they diminish tensile strength, change color, shape and also their molecular weight.
As soon as they are in the environment, polymers are exposed to a variety of chemical and mechanical processes that cause a change in their structure, and the disintegration of polymers into smaller and smaller fragments begins.
The hydrolytic process is affected mainly by the rate of water diffusion of the polymer, by the chemical bond of the material, the levels of cross-links, or the porosity of the material.
Transition metals such as V, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu can and are usually used to accelerate the oxidative degradation process by a factor of approximately 102.
Both macro plastics and micro plastics particles are affecting the environment and some of its effects are not even known [2-5].

Although hard turning has many advantages, if the hard turning parameters are not properly selected, the shape and position precision and surface properties of the workpiece will be seriously affected [4-5].
In the hard turning process, too high spindle speed will make the friction time between the front cutter face and the chip become longer, the shear angle becomes larger, resulting in the machining surface deformation increases, that is, the surface roughness increases; excessive cutting depth increases cutting resistance, affecting the consistency and stability of the workpiece precision after cutting, and having a negative effect on the service lifetime of the tool; cutting speed is the main factor affecting machining efficiency.
Therefore, in order to ensure the final quality of hard turning products, reasonable cutting parameters should be selected based on the above factors.
[3] H, H, DING, L, B, HANG, Y, G, CHEN, Experimental Research of Surface Integrity for Precision Hard Turing Finished Bearing Rings, China Mechanical Engineering, Bearing. (08) (2016) 1066-1071

It is also utilized for the characterization of photonic properties.
The research also focuses on experimentation with a solar stand as an ideal solar simulator having fewer affecting variables like clouds, air, or even rain.
The experimental setup will be isolated from environmental factors such as air mass, humidity, and cloud cover.
The location and environmental factors are addressed during the experiment duration.
A summary of the thermophysical properties of the material is given in Table 1.