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The number of undissolved TiC particles in laser track A3 is higher than in A1 laser track, where only one undissolved TiC particle was found (as seen in Fig. 1a).
In addition, several packets of lath martensite originated at each austenite grain are also seen in Fig. 3a.
For the high degree of alloying associated to the A3 laser layer, precipitation of carbides at the dendrite grain boundaries and along the solidified metal matrix takes place.
Rod-like carbides (I-type), forming the carbide network surrounding the dendritic grain boundaries, and dendrite-like carbides (V-type) would be associated to the MC type carbides, as given by their high Ti and C content [3, 11,13].
Skeleton-like carbides (IV-type) are typically associated to the M7C3 eutectic, and it is composed of lamellae dendrites of carbides growing from mutually intersecting grains.

Furthermore isotropic graphite has small grain size and great strength, so graphite is used widely as electrode material in EDM process.
Selecting Parameters of BP Neural Network Network level number, neuron number of hidden layer, transfer function and learning ratio are main parameters in BP neural network.
Determination of level number and neure number of hidden layer.
The node number of hidden layer is very important in neural network model, now experimental method is used to determinate the node number of hidden layer.
The same sample is used to train different network with different node number.

While, the addition of PKS aims to take advantage of the effects of its coarse grain size and its mechanical resistance on the concrete properties.
The granular class of the aggregates is 10/25, and it contains a low proportion of fine grains.
This change can be explained by the nature of the bonds between natural aggregates size grains and palm kernel shells, their grain size and their high rate of water absorption, which influence the compactness of the granular skeleton of the concrete.
Afrifa, Comparative Study of the Physical Properties of Palm Kernel Shells Concrete and Normal Weight Concrete in Ghana, Journal of Science and Multidisciplinary Research (2013), Volume 5, Number 1
Tests for determining the geometrical characteristics of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of grain size - Grain size analysis by sieving.

They were obtained in a sulfonate bath containing a suspension of the aluminum powder with a grain diameter of 1-4 mm.
The research [23] investigated the effect of the titanium content in the coating and the size of its grains on the process of hydrogen evolution at 5 M KOH.
The coatings containing about 22 wt.% of Ti with the grain diameter of 150 and 45 mm and the coating containing about 50 wt.% of Ti with the grain diameter of about 45 mm were included in the research.
The research into the coatings which used the Auger electron spectroscopy showed that in the process of electrodeposition the Ti10O19 non-stoichiometric titanium oxide and the NiTi alloy are formed on grain boundaries between the built-in components of the composite and the matrix.
A simultaneous increase in the current density and lowering of the temperature caused a decrease in the number of particles contained in the coating.

Comprehensive Utilization Status of Low Grade and Refractory Platinum-palladium Ores from Jinbaoshan of Yunnan Ciyun Chen1, a, Shuming Wen1, b, Qicheng Feng1, c, Hefei Zhao1, d 1Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China accykmust@126.com, bshmwen@126.com, cfqckmust@126.com, dneimengzhaohefei@126.com Keywords: Platinum-palladium ores; Single process; Combined process; Comprehensive Utilization Abstract: It is difficult to handle platinum-palladium ores in Jinbaoshan due to low grade ores, kinds of mineral resources, complex mineral structure, fine-grained dissemination, which is a typical refractory complex ores.
Due to the present situation of platinum-palladium mineral resources in our country, inevitably lead to the demand gap of platinum group metals in domestic industry is bigger, make our country a large number of platinum group metals need to be imported from abroad.
The grain size of the PGE minerals in the process and each graded of PGE mineral content is as follows: 32~16 um, 14.6%; 16 ~8um, 32.9%; 8~4 um, 21.9%; 4~2um, 20.1%; 2~1um，9.1%; -1 um, 1.3%.
Nearly half of the PGE minerals distributed in the range of grain -8um [13-14]. 2.3 Minerals composition is complex in the ore Jinbaoshan Platinum-palladium mine deposit is China's largest independent PGM deposits, the platinum and palladium minerals composition and structure are complex in this deposit, more than 90 species minerals are known in this ore, of which precious metal minerals, metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals all have many types [15] and each minerals content in the ore have a larger difference, according to "The study of the typical deposits of Midu County of Yunnan Jin Bao shan platinum-palladium ore ", we can known that the gangue minerals are main minerals in the ore, which content up to 84.7%, while the gangue minerals dominated by serpentine, and its proportion is large in the ore, accounting for the total amount of ore 3/4.
The main mineral in this ore deposit and its relative content is: chalcopyrite 0.376%; violarite and pentlandite 0.382%; pyrite 0.706%; magnetite and chromite 10.972%; goethite 0.014 %; gangue minerals 84.700% [16-19]. 2.3.1 The gangue minerals The mineral components of Jin Baoshan platinum-palladium ore are complex, the predecessors have done a lot of process mineralogy research to this ore, the gangue mineral composition simpler than other mineral in the ore, the main gangue mineral is serpentine, relatively small number of gangue minerals are hornblende, carbonate gangue minerals, pyroxene, chlorite and biotite gangue minerals , etc.

Dissipation and slip band amount always increased over the number of cycles.
Therefore it could break at higher number of cycles.
The mean grain size was about 30 µm with a lot of annealed twins.
Dissipation and slip band amount always increased over the number of cycles.
Therefore it could break at higher number of cycles.

Introduction There are a number of strain determination methods, but only some of them are adequate for investigating local stresses.
With the experimental set-up described in [9], the strain resolution of a few parts per ten thousand is achieved if a sufficient number of Kossel lines are used.
The method Briefly, in the proposed method, line profiles collected from a reference pattern (originating from an area which is assigned zero strain) are used to determine positions of corresponding lines in other patterns originating from strained areas of the same grain, and then − based on shifts of line positions − the strain tensor is calculated.
To describe the profile-based strain determination method let us assume that a number of diffraction patterns collected from different locations in the same grain are available, and one of them is chosen as a reference pattern.
The numbers below the profiles represent profile correlation coefficients.

In order to count the number of attached cells, cells were detached using 0.25% trypsin with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and then resuspended in PBS.
The resulting formazan can be quantified spectrophotometrically and correlated with the number of viable cells and metabolic activity.
Fig. 3 Cell numbers attached to the surface of samples after 4 h seeding (presented as percentages of cells attached to Ti alloy).
When the corrosion is developing, the continuous distribution of glass matrix might prevent corrosion from spreading from one grain to another grain.
With regard to alloys, a large number of reports have shown that the ALP activity of cells was influenced by the surface parameters such as surface chemistry, microtopography and crystallographic orientation [15, 16].

However, the reduced concentration of reactant leads to the formation of a small number of crystal nuclei at the inlet of the microreactor.
In addition, small total fluid flow makes long growth time and large particle size of the grains.
Reynolds number of the fluid was calculated as Eq. 1: Re = rdu/m (1) Where Re is the Reynolds number, r is the density of the fluid, d is the diameter of the tube, u is the velocity of the fluid, and m is the viscosity of the fluid.
As can be seen from Figure 6 (B), the change of Reynolds number has little effect on the prepared particle size.
The absorption peak at wave number of 423.26 cm-1 is caused by the vibration of Fe-O bond, which is the characteristic absorption peak of Fe3O4.

Figure.3 shows the total (aggregate) received throughput as the number of UDP senders are increased and, correspondingly, the number of TCP senders are decreased.
Finally, Figure.3 plots the average per-flow TCP throughput, i.e. the total netperf TCP throughput divided by number of TCP flows.
A number of TCP improvements to address the In cast problem, concluding that while throughput sometimes improved, none of them substantially prevented TCP throughput collapse.
The central coordinator issues transmission directives to individual nodes at fine-grained timescales (every few milliseconds to temporally separate transmissions competing for bottleneck links.
This reduces the number of packets dropped in the network and prevents throughput collapse.