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The test results show that the main factors influencing the mechanical characters of geotechnical materials include its type and property, confining pressure, number of cycles, static deviator stress, dynamic stress, vibration frequency, drainage condition, etc.
And then, a number of empirical models have been proposed by considering one or several influencing factors, these models are used to predict cumulative deformation of some geotechnical materials like soft clay, silt, sand, grained soil, and so on.
Among these, the representative model was built by Monismith(1975), which is an exponential model for cumulative plastic deformation of clay under cyclic loading (1) Where, is cumulative plastic strain; is number of cycles; , are fitting parameters.
Cumulative plastic deformation for fine-grained subgrade soils.

A number of key issues and trends in High Performance Computing will impact the delivery of breakthrough science and engineering in the future.
It also consists of a number of nVIDIA CUDA enabled applications in several domains namely molecular dynamics, bio-informatics, life sciences and physics.
· Chemical Domain RedMD: Software to perform molecular dynamics simulations for coarse-grained models of proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes.
· Use of the Application Execution Model has reduced the average number of steps required for executing a parallel application on Linux.
Conclusion A number of key issues and trends in High Performance Computing will impact the delivery of breakthrough science and engineering in the future.

Micro-Raman spectroscopy with blue laser (WITec Alpha300, excitation wavelength 488 nm) was used to evaluate the quality and the number of layers of the graphene.
Muller, Grains and grain boundaries in single-layer graphene atomic patchwork quilts, Nature, 469(2011), No.7330, p.389-392

TiO2-coating: a commercial pigment TiO2 is used (40 nm average grain size, P 25, Degussa, Germany) together with a nano-sized nanoporous pure anatase powder, synthesized by a microwave assisted colloidal process [10] with 5-10 nm primary particle size and 1 µm average agglomerate size.
However, the surface of the Ti-grains in the macro-porous layer is not bioactive at all.
The film growth is very fast, most probably due to an increased number of electric arcs ignited inside the high surface area porous coating, as indicated in Figure 4.

The discrepancy may due to (i) the bandgap of films measured by PL technique is slightly smaller than that determined by UV-VIS spectrometer [16], and (ii) the variation of optical bandgap is influenced by the grain size of the films, that is, the large bandgap values as the decreasing the grain size of the films [16].
Acknowledgements We thank the National Science Council of R.O.C. for financial assistance under Grant number NSC97-2221-E-151-004 and NSC98-2221-E-151-024.

The X-ray diffraction peak intensity of PST powders increase with annealing temperature increasing and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) decrease indicating crystallinity enhanced and an increase in grain size with increasing annealing temperature up to 650℃.
The wall of the PST nanotube is very thin and there are some particles on the surface, which illustrates that PST nanotube is polycrystalline structure comprised by numbers of nano-grains.

Acknowledgements The financial support from the National Key Project of Science and Technology (Grant number: 2012ZX06004-012) is gratefully acknowledged.
Suzuoka, Lattice diffusion and grain boundary diffusion of cobalt·in Iron, Trans.
Herzig, Lattice and grain boundary diffusion of niobium in iron, Z.

In recent years, people tend to using HOVF or plasma spraying WC/Co, Al2O3/TiO2 and other ceramic materials on metal matrix surface ( such as steel ) to obtain nano-ceramic coatings, the two methods are adopted to improve greatly the spraying particle velocity to obtain high quality coating. the characteristics of large number of grain boundaries and small size effection in nano-material make them possibly to be used in preparation of nanostructured coating. in order to make the coatings stay nanometer grain structure, generally select fast method for spraying (such as plasma spraying and HVOF spraying).

Presence of CNTs or GPLs inhibits the alumina grain growth [4-10] and can improve fracture toughness up to 53 % [9], whereas hardness remains unaffected or insignificantly decreased.
After sintering, the intensity of the D peak increased due to an increased number of edge defects produced during high energy processing of the specimens.
Incorporation of ANFs reinforcements into alumina matrix does not result in significant changes in hardness despite of smaller grain sizes because of residual porosity.

Discussion of Results The uniformity of distribution of active components on a catalyst grain was evaluated by means of JSM-6390, a scanning electron microscope.
We have studied the efficiency of the obtained platinum catalysts supported by REE oxides when used to hydrogenate a number of organic compounds: nitrobenzene [17], benzaldehyde [24], n-nitrotoluole [25], and n-nitrophenol [26].
The catalyst production method enables uniform distribution of platinum on the support grains while forming catalytically active centers. 3.