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TiO2-coating: a commercial pigment TiO2 is used (40 nm average grain size, P 25, Degussa, Germany) together with a nano-sized nanoporous pure anatase powder, synthesized by a microwave assisted colloidal process [10] with 5-10 nm primary particle size and 1 µm average agglomerate size.
However, the surface of the Ti-grains in the macro-porous layer is not bioactive at all.
The film growth is very fast, most probably due to an increased number of electric arcs ignited inside the high surface area porous coating, as indicated in Figure 4.

In recent years, people tend to using HOVF or plasma spraying WC/Co, Al2O3/TiO2 and other ceramic materials on metal matrix surface ( such as steel ) to obtain nano-ceramic coatings, the two methods are adopted to improve greatly the spraying particle velocity to obtain high quality coating. the characteristics of large number of grain boundaries and small size effection in nano-material make them possibly to be used in preparation of nanostructured coating. in order to make the coatings stay nanometer grain structure, generally select fast method for spraying (such as plasma spraying and HVOF spraying).

Presence of CNTs or GPLs inhibits the alumina grain growth [4-10] and can improve fracture toughness up to 53 % [9], whereas hardness remains unaffected or insignificantly decreased.
After sintering, the intensity of the D peak increased due to an increased number of edge defects produced during high energy processing of the specimens.
Incorporation of ANFs reinforcements into alumina matrix does not result in significant changes in hardness despite of smaller grain sizes because of residual porosity.

Discussion of Results The uniformity of distribution of active components on a catalyst grain was evaluated by means of JSM-6390, a scanning electron microscope.
We have studied the efficiency of the obtained platinum catalysts supported by REE oxides when used to hydrogenate a number of organic compounds: nitrobenzene [17], benzaldehyde [24], n-nitrotoluole [25], and n-nitrophenol [26].
The catalyst production method enables uniform distribution of platinum on the support grains while forming catalytically active centers. 3.

However, there are a number of limitations to this method.
In the polycrystalline metals into the temperature interval 0.5...0.6 Тm, the grain-boundary relaxation takes place.
It is caused by an inelastic behavior of the grain boundaries.

Meanwhile for the open bearings system ，it is unsuitable for application in the situations with particles in pumped medium because its hidden performance and anti-wear performance for grain are poorer.
Thirdly，it has good performance for foreign bodies buried，not sensitive to sediment and good anti-wear grain of abrasion, its friction coefficient is greatly reduced in state of water lubrication.
According to a large number of test and previous work， Marcus Allen[6] puts forward the abrasion of "double mechanism ",it can explain the qualitative analysis for bearing material wear phenomenon， but can not be used in quantitative analysis for wear of a certain specific materials[7].

Number marks were fabricated on the surface of CVD graphene through lithography and E-beam evaporation to locate the position where AFM and Raman spectra were taken before and after annealing.
[8] Yu Q K, Jauregui L A, Wu W, Colby R, Tian J F, Su Z H, Cao H L, Liu Z H, Pandey D, Wei D G, Chung T F, Peng P, Guisinger N P, Stach E A, Bao J M, Pei S S and Chen Y P, Control and characterization of individual grains and grain boundaries in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition, Nature Mater. 10 (2011) 443-449

Because of its small strength, high volumetric fluctuation amount, and large compressibility, the type of soil presents a large number of problems.
Figure. 1 shows the utilized clay's grain size distribution, which revealed 66% clay, 31% silt, and 3% sand.
Distribution of the grain size of clay used. 2.2 Okra Tips Plant Okra polysaccharides are non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible polymers and are chemically inert as shown in the figure. 2.

According to the grinding theory, the tangential grinding force Ft is mainly composed of two parts: one is the force of the grains that makes material produce plastic deformation and ductile regime removal, the other is sliding friction between the grains and workpiece material.
According to a large number of experiments and analyses, the corresponding characteristic frequency range of ductile and brittle removal of ZTA ceramics are fd=200-250KHz and fb=450-500KHz respectively.

Preface With past few decades, the development of micron-nanoscience, a large number of published literature and patents of invention can infer that researchers made a lot of research at the micron-nanotechnology.
Silvia et al.[10] with titanium tetraisopropoxide as precursor using the MOCVD method at 400℃ nanotubes coated with a layer of TiO2 crystal grain size of about 55nm, and maintain the original anatase TiO2 crystalline phase. 2.3 Hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses This process is that under certain pressure and temperature, the material was dissolved in some solvent medium and recrystallized.
Guimin et al.[12] by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide in supercritical ethanol succeeded in making carbon nanotubes be coated with a layer of anatase TiO2 grains which diameter less than 7nm, the effect was significantly better than the direct mixture of TiO2 and carbon nanotubes for degrading the phenol.