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Introduction Friction and wear are important economic factors as they affect the energy efficiency and reliability of mechanically systems [1].
Ionic liquids (ILs) are particularly interesting for various applications due to their specific physical properties.
Watanabe, „Physicochemical Properties and Structures of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. 2.
Urbanski, „Base oil properties of ionic liquids,“ Lubrication Engineering, Bd. 59, p. 16–21, 2003
Torres, „Influence of chloride, water, and organic solvents on the physical properties of ionic liquids,“ Pure and Applied Chemistry, Bd. 72, Nr. 12, pp. 2275-2287, #jan# 2000

A material with good piezoelectricity properties produces a voltage whenever an external load is exerted on it [1].
This treatment technique showed good results in enhancing the piezoelectric properties of the cement paste.
However, this technique still needs more investigation to study the effect of different factors, as well as the sensitivity of the treated cement paste to the external applied loads.
Hence, it is apparent that the piezoelectrical properties of cement hydrates are greatly affected by the moisture content of the cured specimen, which indicates the need for investigating the effect of the age of the specimens on their piezoelectrical properties.
Wang, A state-of-the-art on self-sensing concrete : Materials , fabrication and properties, Compos.

Gil studied the effect of cooling rate on βTi, which can vary in length, width and tensile properties of Widmanstätten structure.
The phase diagram and microstructure were then incorporated with the results of EDS and XRD, in order to study the possible phase(s) in affecting the strength. 3.
The phase diagram and microstructure were then incorporated with the results of EDS and XRD, in order to study the possible phase(s) in affecting the strength.
For eliminating the influence from the hard and brittle nature of the intermetallic compound Ti2(Cu, Ni) on the mechanical properties, the optimal post-vacuum-brazing treatment for Ti-6Al-4V would drive the atoms of residual filler, Ti-15Cu-15Ni, to diffuse continuously.
Bognár, periodica polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 57/2 (2013) 53-57

l Causality relation, reflecting the “cause-result” relation between concepts of fault cause and fault modes, fault modes and fault affects.
l The function of depth factor of concept C in generalization relation is Eq.1
The density factor β that reflects the density factor of concept is defined as follows.
is adjustment coefficient that used to adjust the importance of density factor to depth factor .
Compared to the depth factor, density factor has less effect on the semantic distance, so the range of is [0, 1]

Every process step induces thermal residual deformation and stresses on the assembled components, which cause mechanical effects on the subsequent process step.
The warpage is directly related to the package coplanarity, which affects the assembly quality between the package and printed circuit board.
The stresses in package components are primary factor for the damage of package.
Material properties of package components are shown in Table 1, where E is Young's modulus, ν is Poisson ratio, gT is the glass transition temperature, and cβ is the chemical shrinkage, During mold curing, the chemical shrinkage of the molding compound occurs, so it is more realistic to consider both thermal shrinkage and chemical shrinkage.
The reason may be that the same material properties of molding compound are used in the model of PMC step.

One of the most useful properties of metals is that they can be easily shaped or bent and have the advantage of reverting back to their original size.
Crack propagation in this region is difficult to predict since it depends on the microstructure and flow properties of the material.
The term Cp is the retardation factor to reduce the growth rate.
One of the most useful properties of composites is the ability to produce a part that has strength in the direction required and thus minimising component mass by reducing material in directions that does not play a role in handling loading.
For example, composite materials are affected by environmental conditions hence the Time-Temperature Superposition Principle (TTSP) is a concept used when there is a strong dependence of viscoelastic properties on the temperature at which they are measured [5].

Metallographic Inspection of the Piece: The piece was cut in an area outside the fracture area, Fig. 3, so as not to affect subsequent analyzes.
After that the mechanical properties of the fabrication material of the holder were obtained and, in addition, the typical zones of the fatigue fracture were determined; a simulation was carried out by the finite element method using the ANSYS computational tool [10] Results Characterization of the material of the piece (Holder) Results: AISI 4340 steel with high concentration of Cadmium (Table 1) Table 1.
The life to fatigue of the piece is shown in Fig. 8, it is observed that for the stress concentration factor kt=1 this is equal to 17780 cycles, a remarkable change when compared to the infinite life that results in the program without the presence of the generated hole.
It is also shown in the Fig. 8, how the surface defect reduces the cycles of the piece together with the stress concentration factor [12], [13].
ANSYS Mechanical Fatigue”, 2016

Therefore, for small replacement ratios, it is possible that the overall stiffness is not significantly influenced, because the mortar stiffness is only one of several factors, while for total replacement the mortar withstands such a big stiffness loss that the concrete’s modulus of elasticity is considerably affected.
Neville, Properties of concrete, Longman, London, UK, 1995
Correia, J. de Brito, Post-fire residual mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled concrete coarse aggregates, Cem.
Correia, Mechanical properties of structural concrete with fine recycled ceramic aggregates, Constr.
De Brito, Post-fire residual mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled rubber aggregate, Fire Saf.

Ohring et al. [23] considered radiative heat transfer, evaporation, and viscous stress to find out temperature distribution but he assumed material properties are constant.
Temperature-dependent material properties, latent heat of fusion, a gaussian distribution of heat flux from the arc, plus the effects of mass convection into the weld pool from the melted filler wire have also been considered.
Experimental Methods The experiments were conducted as per the design matrix randomly to avoid errors due to noise factors.
Figure 5 Comparison of predicted and experimental values of weld bead width 4.3 Prediction of HAZ Width The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the area of base material, either a metal or a thermoplastic, which has had its microstructure and properties altered by welding or heat intensive cutting operations.
Conf. on Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Singapore, September 10-12, 2010, 733-737 [6] Eager, T.

At present, system research on performance of the physics, deformation, strength and other properties of light mixed soil already exists in China, but the study on permeability is just in the initial stage and the system study on permeability of EPS beads-mixed lightweight soil is lack of, therefore, it is necessary to study the permeability of EPS beads-mixed lightweight soil.
At present, physical, deformation, strength and other properties of lightweight soil have been systematically studied in China[1]-[6], but the study on permeability is just in its infancy.
The specialized research of permeability is essential for permeability is one of the important mechanical properties.
In the other factors fixed cases, different EPS particle mixing ratio coefficient of permeability coefficient of correlation equation of R are 0.9728, 0.9272, 0.9522 and 0.9762, with8 %, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement admixture.
Fig. 7 Curve of k and ae（ac =15%） Fig 8 Curve of k and ac （ae =2%） Fig 9 Standardized residual plots Through the analysis, the calculation of main consideration of the influence factors is EPS particle mixing ratio and cement mixing ratio.