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The structure and morphology of the five CNCs were observed recently by Naess et al. [3].
The open-tip CNCs were verified to have the same apex angles and similar structures to their untruncated counterparts [6].
Knudsen, Carbon nanocones: wall structure and morphology, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 10 (2009) 065002
Xu, Plasma-assisted self-sharpening of platelet-structured single-crystalline carbon nanocones, Appl.
Tersoff, Modeling solid-state chemistry: interatomic potentials for multi-component systems, Phys.

The mixing energies of special quasi-random structures (SQS) have been computed with the PWSCF code using the PAW approximation.
In the Bragg-Williams approximation, the mixing energy of an solid solution is then: (1) Where , the alloy ordering energy is : (2) is assumed here to have a polynomial expression and is fitted [eq. ] on the mixing energies of Special Quasi-random Structures SQS (Fig. 1, where the mixing energies of various ordered structures are also shown fir comparison).
Figure 1: Mixing energies of some Special Quasi-random Structures (SQS) calculated with PWSCF-PAW and fitted by Eq.
The evolution of the position of the maximum of scattering intensity is especially interesting, because it can be directly compared to the maximum of the structure factor calculated in the simulations.
Le Claire, in Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise, edited by H.

Crystalline structures of samples were examined by an X-ray diffractometer (D/max2550PC, Rigaku).
According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classification, the sample presented the isotherm of type I with abundant micropores [7].
Moreover, the irregular diffraction peaks of AC indicated the structure of amorphous carbon in this work.
And micrograph showed that the carbon presented a porous structure with some pores randomly distributed on the surface.
Amatucci, Structure, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of brominated activated carbons, Carbon 49 (2011) 2538-2548

Theory and method Chemical structure of PTX is shown in Fig.1.
It shows that there are several ester group, amido bond and benzene ring in the chemical structure.
Fig.1 Chemical structure of PTX Fig. 2 Chemical structure of polymers (a,PLA; b, PCL; c, PLGA; d, PTRP; e, PLBG) The simplest and best known theory of the thermodynamics of mixing and phase separation in binary systems is the Flory-Huggins model [8].
The best compatibility between PTX and PTRP may be attributed to the large amount of ester group, amido bond, and benzene ring in both chemical structures.
Principles of polymer chemistry.

Phase structures of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (DS-ADVANCE, Bruker, Germany).
The phase structure and composition of the iron oxide/CNTs composites were analysed using JADE5.0 software.
The Fe2O3/CNTs composites are still tubular shape, and don’t obviously change in structure, but have rough surface with increasing diameter because of Fe2O3 surface coated.
Electromagnetic properties of these composites varied depending on their structure, surface morphology and magnetic properties.
Ye: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 179 (2006), p. 91

Polymer can cond- ense into a continuous film and adhesive on the hydrated cement surface, forming uniform continu- ous mesh structure.
It shows that toughness can be improved effectively and significantly mixed with PVAF in the three kinds of polymer, because physical and chemical compatibility of polymer powder and fiber are good, forming compact structure more easily [6].
In order to reveal its microscopic toughening mechanism, the microscopic structure of mortar in different curing periods was analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopic analysis (ESEM).
Polymers formed film throughout the cement by chemical bonds, forming strong space network structure with cement matrix; 2) PVA fiber can significantly improve the toughness of cement-based materials because it can work synergistically with polymer film for better crack-resistance capacity; 3) Fatigue life of concrete mixed with emulsion powder is longer.
Wuhan University of Technology: School of materials physics and chemistry,2007（in Chinese） [2] BAI Yong bing, Application research of epoxy asphalt concrete on steel bridge pavement [J]．Transpo World,2008,06:145-146.

The pH of the alkaline solutions was usually around 14 allowing the destabilization of the structure of the pozzolan, which is necessary for polymerization reactions [14,17].
The effect of activation systems in the microscopic structure of the samples can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 for systems with calcium hydroxide and sodium silicate to the RFC 20.000 and 40.000 rpm.
As a result, the polymerization occurs by condensation reactions, forming a gel which is transformed in the final structure.
The mica content existing in the waste can affect the mechanical performance, given its structure and lamellar sheets [18].
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 38, 3932(1999).

At B||<100>, clear hyperfine (hf) structures due to the interaction with four nearest equivalent C neighbours were detected.
Their signals are weak and no hf structures could be detected.
Fine structure parameters D and E are given in 10-4 cm-1. θ is the angle between the principal z axis of the g- or D-tensor and the c axis.
In the present work, hf structures of the interaction with two Si were detected.
The hf structure indicates a defect at the C site.

Evaluation of Cu­Ni­Based Alloys for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Timon Steinhoff1, Mario Wolf1, Florian Nürnberger2, Gregory Gerstein2, Armin Feldhoff1,a∗ 1Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D­30167 Hannover 2Institute for Materials Science, Hannover Centre of Production Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, D­30823 Garbsen aarmin.feldhoff@pci.uni­hannover.de Keywords: Cu­Ni­based alloys, microstructure, thermoelectrics, power factor Abstract.
Heavy element doping can strongly influence the electronic band structure and therefore tune the thermoelectric properties and can diminish the thermal conductivity by weakening the transfer via lattice vibration.
Tungsten, with its body­centered cubic (bcc) structure, can be inserted into the copper and nickel matrix, which is consistent of a face­centered cubic (fcc) structure.
Tin, with body­centered tetragonal structure is also a widely commercially available metal with relatively high density and low thermal conductivity and can also be added in a wide range to both nickel and copper.
Waskowska, CuO: X­ray Single­Crystal Structure Determination at 196 K and Room Temperature, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3 (1991) 8173 [12] J.

Due to their special structure, lower solution viscosity, more extended conformation of the arm chain, the starlike polymers are gaining global attention.
Therefore, to design and synthesize a kind of water-soluble cationic polymer with novel structure to effectively control DCS of recycled pulp has come to more attention[5].
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a useful technology to synthesize polymers with well-defined structures, well-controlled molecular weights and defined topology[6].
The structure of cationic monomer MeDMA was one-to-one correspondence to the 1H-NMR spectrum, indicating that poly(Pen-g-MeDMA) synthesized via ATRP was successful.
Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 43 (2005), p 6345-6354 [3] J.