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Crude vermiculite is used as raw materials, heat-treated for activation, leached with a complexing acid, exchanged with sodium solution, following contacted with polyhydroxyl aluminium solution.
Pillared vermiculite constitutes an interesting class of materials with potential applications in different areas [7].
Poncelet: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials.Vol.37 (2000), p.313
[4] CAO Ming Li, YUAN Ji Zu, YU: [J] Journal of wuhan university of technology (in chinese).
Skurikhin: “Integrated heat insulation materials based on vermiculite,” Ogneupory Tekhn.

Therefore, chemical modification either on natural fiber, polymer matrix or both materials is an alternative solution to overcome these challenges.
Material and Methods Material.
Edeerozey, et al., "Chemical modification of kenaf fibers," Materials Letters, vol. 61, pp. 2023-2025, 2007
Aslan, et al., "Strength variability of single flax fibres," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 46, pp. 6344-6354, 2011
Yousif, et al., "Flexural properties of treated and untreated kenaf/epoxy composites," Materials & Design, vol. 40, pp. 378-385, 2012

Powder Metallurgy (PM) Techniques consists in a suitable technique to process composites materials.
A specific PM technique of mechanical alloying developed to produce new materials in the solid state is a consolidated route to obtain aluminum alloys metal matrix composites.
The research of this materials processing by PM techniques presented new materials with improved properties.
Wlosinnski: Journal of materials processing technology (2000), p. 58
Singla et al.: Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering Vol 8 (6) (2009), p. 455.

The M2 Cusing is an AM machine that uses the SLM technique, dealing with either ceramics or metallic materials in powdered form.
There are a few journals on synthesizing materials by modifying the percentage composition of different elements and then fusing them during the process.
While a generic set of processing parameters can be obtained for certain desired part characteristics, it cannot be applied for all materials because different materials exhibit different individual inherent properties such as thermal conductivity and melting point.
Journal of Materials Science, 2007. 42(18): p. 76477656
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2007. 447(1-2): p. 192-196

Liu: Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology.Vol. 16 (2011), p. 11 [2] J.
Li: Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
He, etc: Advanced Materials Research.Vol. 500 (2012), p. 563 [4] L.
Song: Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
Vol. 11 (2000),p. 513 [8] WILLIAMS J G: International Journal of Fracture. vol. 170(2011),p. 37 [9] G.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 270. 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.02.004
Advanced Materials and Processes. 165. 45-46
Progress in Materials Science. 100578. 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100578
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 430. 012028. 10.1088/1757-899X/430/1/012028
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 688. 033064. 10.1088/1757-899X/688/3/033064

Materials and Experimental Methods Raw materials as powders with average particle size 40 microns (>95% purity) were purchased from SRL Powders Mumbai, India.
Journal of Materials Research  33, 3092–3128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.153
[6] Shiyu Wu, Dongxu Qiao, Haitao Zhang, Junwei Miao, Hongliang Zhao, Jun Wang, Yiping Lu, Tongmin Wang, Tingju Li, Microstructure and mechanical properties of CxHf0.25NbTaW0.5 refractory high-entropy alloys at room and high temperatures, Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
[8] Long Xu, Hui Chen, Yuefei Jia, Dongpeng Wang, Shiwei Wu, Yandong Jia, Gang Wang, Zixu Guo, Yilun Xu, Revealing effects of creep damage on high-temperature fatigue behavior for HfNbTiZr refractory high-entropy alloys: Experimental investigation and crystal-plasticity modelling, Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
Emerging Materials Research.

China 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, 518055 Shenzhen, P.
Gogia, Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants - A review, Progress in Materials Science, 54 (2009) 397-425
Pyczak, Microstructure and mechanical behavior of metal injection molded Ti-Nb binary alloys as biomedical material, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 28 (2013) 171-182
Chen, The anatase phase of nanotopography titania plays an important role on osteoblast cell morphology and proliferation, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 19 (2008) 3465-3472
Ong, Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces and their effect on osteoblast attachment, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 67A (2003) 344-349

Materials.
Properties of the used materials in ABAQUS program.
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 12 2019 36
Construction Building Materials, 57 2014 81-91
Construction Building Materials, 20(10) 2006 901-909

Although the values of loss vary among different cable materials, there are some common reasons.
Finally, pre-stress loss due to material loosing is not only relative to the performance of material, but also the diameter of material and the change of external temperature.
Firstly, the material of lower loosing and higher strength should be used in order to avoid the material loosing.
Acknowledgement The financial support of the National nature Science fund (9NNSF50979013) and postdoctoral Science fund (PDSF2009045126) are gratefully acknowledged.
Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute.