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The behavior of strengthened structures will be a composite action of concrete, reinforcing steel and FRP materials, and will be affected by various factors including types of FRP, size and ratio of strengthening and adhesive.
The later is not an appropriate failure mode in the view of mechanical or economic concerns.
Table 1 shows the basic mechanical properties of the materials used.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of materials used Materials Strength [MPa] E [GPa] εultimate Steel rebar 670 200 - CFRP 3000 155 0.019 Epoxy 300 7000 - Rip-off Failure Load.

The effects of the annealing time on the pore structure, open porosity and mechanical property of porous ceramics were investigated.
It is acknowledged that the properties of porous ceramics are highly dependent on pore structure, such as open porosity, pore size distribution, and pore orientation [13].
[4] Rubing Zhang, Daining Fang, Microstructure and properties of highly porous Y2SiO5 ceramics produced by a new water-based freeze casting, Materials&Design. 46(2013) 746-750
Novel nanoporous silica aerogel impregnated highly porous ceramics with low thermal conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties, Scripta Materialia. 68(2013) 599-602
Zhu, Properties of porous alumina ceramics prepared by technique combining cold-drying and sintering, Int.

Experimental methods The mechanical properties and hardness profiles of test materials were determined in tensile and hardness tests.
Tensile test results indicated that the elongation properties are similar between the test materials.
In this case, the elasticity of the tools does not affect the results.
Because of the above-mentioned factors, the elongations are higher than the ones measured by the displacement sensor.
Also, a bad painting affected the results.

Animasaun [6] considered the problem of Casson fluid flow past a plate with variable thermal properties and frictional heating.
Similarly fluid temperature is greatly affected by velocity ratio when compared to fluid concentration.
It is evident from the table 1 that an increase in Casson parameter , magnetic field parameter and velocity ratio parameter reduces both the friction factors and , but temperature exponent parameter does not shows any effect on friction factors.
The friction factor is not effected by cross diffusion.
Khan, Thermophoresis and thermal radiation with aheat and mass transfer in a magnetohydrodynamic thin-film second-grade fluid of variable properties past a stretching sheet, Europ.

Fault Analysis of Journal Bearing Considering the Turbulent and Thermo-Hydrodynamic Effects Guohui Xu1,a, Jian Zhou2,b, Haipeng Geng1,c, Mingjian Lu1,d 1 State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Xi’an710049, Shanxi Province, China 2 Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049, China a xuguohui1983@126.com, bpearl_516@126.com, cpear_516@163.com,d544089501@qq.com Keywords: journal bearing, turbulence, thermo-hydrodynamic effect, wear.
It is not only damage the bearing geometry, also affect the pressure distribution of the oil film, reducing the service life of the bearings [1].
Iwasawa and co-authors [3] studied experimentally the effects of surface conditions and mechanical properties of shaft and bearing on the wear amount of BE bearing.
Fig. 3 Calculate the flow chart Results and analysis The table 1 is the main parameters of the bearing and lubricating oil: Table 1: Bearing and lubricant parameters Items Value Shaft radius ,r/ mm 274.5 Bush inner radius ,R/ mm 275 Bush outer radius,Rb2 /mm 570 Supply temperature, Tin/°C 43 Ambient temperature,Tb2/°C 35 Viscosity,μin/ Pa.s 0.022 Bush thermal conductivity ,kb/W/mK 54 Oil thermal conductivity,kf/ W/m.K 0.13 Oil density,ρ/ kg/ 850 Oil heat capacity,c /J/kg.K 2100 Bearing capacity, W/ kN 285 The turbulent factor take constant value 12 according to the laminar flow theoretical calculation.
When in turbulent theory calculation, turbulent factor is changes with Reynolds number.

Introduction Titanium has been widely used to fabricate dental implant due to superior biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength.
The most important success factor of dental implants involves osseointegration at interface between titanium implants and jaw bone.
Alkali-based treatment is known to induce the formation of calcium phosphate in simulated body fluid and improve the bone-bonding ability due to micro-sized porosity and chemical properties of the surface [5, 6].
A particularly interesting strategy to improve bone volume surrounding implants involves the deposition of organic biomolecule coatings including extracellular matrix proteins, bone growth factors, and drugs.
The XRD pattern of titanium disks coated with gelatin was not affected by the application of a gelatin coating.

Overheating is defined as the degradation of material properties as a result of processing outside the conventional machining process envelope, causing excessive frictional heating.
This suggests that the viewing angle affects the visibility of machining damage on mechanically polished alloy plate and the alloy plate after TSAA; however, the visibility of the machining damage on the alloy plate after CAA is less dependent on the viewing angle.
It is indicated that the surface gloss is the key factor influencing the visibility of machining damage on the alloy.
This is why the overheated regions are revealed as dark areas after mechanical polishing to 4000 grit.
Further, the nature of the anodic film may influence optical property of the anodized surface.

Piezoelectric properties were investigated by PFM.
Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) has a large dielectric response and excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties.
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) revealed piezoelectric properties and switching under the PFM tip of the as-deposited films.
Sensitivity factors were taken from the MultiPak library.
Itoh, Relationship between diffusion and adhesion properties of ferroelectric thin-film structure on releasable substrate, Jpn.

However, gel electrolytes had poor mechanical stability compared to thin films form.
Polymer blending is one of the useful techniques for designing new materials with various properties this technique had been employed by several research groups [1, 2].
Among the advantages of employing this method are simplicity of preparation and easy to control physical properties by compositional change [3, 4].
The new polymer blends often exhibit properties that are superior compared to the properties of each individual component polymer [5-9].
Detailed studies of the blend-based polymer electrolytes provide precious information on the relative importance of various factors that affect the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the material.

Introduction Photonic crystals have attracted much attention due to their unique optical properties and their potential use in optical devices.
The optical properties of photonic crystals such as band gaps depend on the properties of the constituent phases and their spatial distribution.
The existence of photonic band gap gives rise to a number of interesting and useful properties including the localization of light at defects and surfaces and the inhibition of radiation [1, 2].
The filter radius, is defined to identify the neighbouring elements that affect the sensitivity number of element.
Hougaard, "Geometric properties of optimal photonic crystals," Phy.