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ZrO2 exhibits different crystal structures, such as monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic, under different temperatures.
ZrO2 can reversibly transform from a tetragonal to a monoclinic structure when cooled below 950 °C [8].
Transformation toughening of ZrO2 is a process in which the crystalline structure is modified when stress is applied, inducing the change in crystal structure from tetragonal to monoclinic.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2008. 110(1): p. 68-75
Journal of Molecular Structure 704(1-3): 333-340

Several Derivatives of 6-(Tert-Butyl)-4H-Pyran-4-Ylidene Malononitrile with Different Amorphous Phase Promoting Substituents for Light-Amplification Systems Elmars Zarins1,a*, Deins Alksnis1,b, Julija Pervenecka2,c, Patricija Paulsone2,d, Kristine Lazdovica1,e, Aivars Vembris2,f and Valdis Kokars1,g 1Riga Technical University, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Paula Valdena 3/7, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia 2University of Latvia, Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga 8, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia aelmars.zarins@rtu.lv, bdeins.alksnis@edu.rtu.lv, cjulija.pervenecka@cfi.lu.lv, dpatricija.paulsone@cfi.lu.lv, ekristine.lazdovica@rtu.lv, faivars.vembris@cfi.lu.lv, gvaldis.kokars@rtu.lv Keywords: laser dyes; 4H-pyran-4-ylidene; molecular glasses; amplified spontaneous emission.
Results showed that the bonding type of such functional groups had a considerable influence on glass structure forming dye thermal properties and a little influence on their optical properties.

The X-Ray diffraction spectrum of (MEH-PPV/TiO2) nanocomposite thin films were studied, all the pattern showed that the structure is amorphous.
The morphology was demonstrated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images for MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/TiO2 films which shows formed a nano flower-like structure with introduces of TiO2.
The XRD samples for all prepared films of (MEH-PPV) mixing with TiO2 shows the amorphous structure.
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of MEH-PPV exhibited smooth surface and SEM of MEH-PPV/TiO2 nanocomposite films show nano flower-like structure.
[17] DOCTOR Thesis OF PHILOSOPHY in Polymer Chemistry, Vidya G, Kochi – 682022, Kerala, 2012

This peak is typical characteristics of ladder-like polymeric structure.
This finding confirms the beneficial role of the porous structure of P-CNF.
SEM image confirm the porous structure of P-CNF than CNF due to decomposition of PVA.
The FTIR spectra shows that a formation of aromatic structures and cyclization reactions take place.
XRD patterns confirm the formation of ladder structure of carbon fiber.

Thus, carbon fibers were first introduced into cement composites to work as a smart device for the purpose of sensing the state of buildings – this is an effective method of nondestructive testing of buildings and structures [12–17].
The main problem in the technology of these composites is the regulation of the processes of structure formation and the uniform distribution of the electrically conductive phase.
Liu, Mechanical and smart properties of carbon fiber and graphite conductive concrete for internal damage monitoring of structure, Construction and Building Materials, 142 (2017) 320-327
Ou, Self-sensing concrete in smart structures.
Tikhomirova, Calculation of the free surface energy of coals from the Donets basin and graphites, Solid Fuel Chemistry 52(1) (2018) 15-20.

K1+ act as buffer for all the structures.
Summary of refined structure parameters.
Refined crystal structure model of (a) KNO3, (b) KClO4 and (c) K2Cr2O7.
Shridhara, Solid propellant chemistry, condensed phase behavior of ammonium perchlorate based solid propellants, Defence Research Development Organization, and Ministry of Defence, New Delhi, India, 1999 [5] K.
Application to crystal structures via the Ewald and direct summation methods, Acta Cryst.

Synthesis and Characterization of Delafossite CuLaO2 for Thermoelectric Application Yuhsuke Takahashi1, a , Hiroaki Matsushita2,b and Akinori Katsui1,c 1 Dept. of Materials Chemistry, 2Dept. of Information and Communication Technology, School of High-Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University, 317 Nishino, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0318, Japan a 5AFMM003@wing.ncc.u-tokai.ac.jp, bMatusita@wing.ncc.u-tokai.ac.jp, cak102677@wing.ncc.utokai.ac.jp Keywords: CuLaO2, delafossite, single-phase, reduction of pressure, La(OH)3, nonstoichiometry, thermoelectric properties.
The preparation of single-phase CuLaO2 with delafossite-type structure by means of the solid-state reaction method was investigated using X-ray diffraction.

DDM is a process by which materials and structures are fabricated with precise local control of material attributes.
Such digital control of the chemistry, microstructure and behavior can result in materials with properties not found in naturally-formed substances.
DDM certainly appears to be a promising way to create materials and structures with unusual properties and behavior.
It would seem that any exotic material or structure could be designed and fabricated by DDM.
Structure-property, surface finish and dimensional accuracy constitute part quality.

It was observed that the morphology of the resultant nanocomposites were dominated by disordered intercalated morphology with some ordered intercalated structure.
Generally, exfoliated structures are reported to possess better properties than the intercalated ones [14, 15].
The results of the XRD and TEM illustrated that the dominated nanocomposites morphology were disordered intercalated structure with some oredered intercalated morphology.
May: Epoxy Resins: Chemistry and Technology (Dekker, New York 1988)
Mai: Composite Structures Vol. 75 (2006), p, 514

After the composite was formed, the structures and morphologies were characterized using an N2-sorption analyzer, SEM - EDX, and TGA.
The electrode material certainly had a different porous structure character.
Pore structures affect the ability of the material to adsorb and desorb a compound.
The type of pore structure and surface area of material play key roles in improving supercapacitor performances [8, 9].
C-PKS features a microporous structure based on the IUPAC classification with an average pore diameter of 1.86 nm.