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The metal foam with satisfactory mechanical, thermal and energy absorption properties can be designed as the understanding of its structure and properties has advanced [3].
The final morphology of metallic foam was determined mainly by the bubble's growth, which is affected by such parameters as viscosity, surface tension, and foaming temperature.
It was considered that the CaO, Al2O3 and MgO content was the main contributing factor.

PolyJet Materials, namely “Fullcure 720” and “Digital ABS” were compared to conventional tools concerning tool life [11], general use, dimensional stability, surface roughness, as well as the mechanical properties of the IM parts [12, 13].
Main influence factors for an economic application include the required part quantity, the complexity of the part geometry, and the non-part bound tool design.
Campbell, “A review of research into the effects of rapid tooling on part properties,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 90–99, 2001
Sérgio Pouzada, “Hybrid moulds: Effect of the moulding blocks on the morphology and dimensional properties,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 71–82, 2009
Tábi et al., “Comparison of thermal, mechanical and thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) injection-molded into epoxy-based Rapid Prototyped (PolyJet) and conventional steel mold,” J Therm Anal Calorim, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 349–361, 2016

And of course, there are those discussions over intellectual property.
Corus' work in this area has been guided by experimental studies at the University of Sheffield [5] on the growth rates of scales after a roll-pass deformation and the mechanical properties of the scale, including its cohesion with the underlying steel, and a transition in oxide behavior with temperature, Fig 1.
The phase transformations occurring during or after rolling have a major effect on the properties of hot-rolled products and cold-rolled and annealed products.
It is important to know where the transformation occurs in relation to the enhanced cooling zones, in order to achieve the desired properties in the rod.
The thermal expansion of work rolls due to heating while hot rolling affects the roll gap profile and hence the quality of strip passing through the mill.

Improvements of the tribological properties have recently been exploited through various laser surface engineering techniques [1-3].
This can offer huge benefits in terms of wear and corrosion resistance properties compared to conventional surface coating methods [4].
Advantages of laser processed surfaces for tribological properties include: i.
Specific areas can be processed without affecting surrounding areas hence permitting for critical regions of interest of a component requiring improvement to be processed.
Depth of processing can easily be controlled and the heating effect is highly localised therefore bulk mechanical properties are left unchanged; vi.

Effects of Deformation on Failure Mechanisms and Optical Properties of Flexible Organic Solar Cell Structures J.
There is also a need to develop a basic understanding of how deformation and failure mechanisms affect optical and electrical properties of materials and layered structured that are relevant to organic solar cells.
Table 1: Material properties 2.
Hoffman, “The mechanical properties of thin condensed films,” Phys. thin Film., vol. 3, pp. 211–273, 1966
Soboyejo, Mechanical Properties of Engineered Materials.

The design principles are similar for cobalt-based or iron-based hardfacing alloys: a tough matrix is reinforced with a dispersion of hard reinforcement particles, leading to a material that presents simultaneously high toughness and high mechanical strength and hardness.
On the other hand, chromium causes secondary hardening when its proportion exceeds 10% [6], and decreases the stacking fault energy of austenite [7], both factors contributing to increase the wear resistance.
Finally, the addition of chromium increases the corrosion resistance [6], an important property when the alloys must resist wear and corrosion simultaneously.
As discussed elsewhere [14], when the abrasive particles are much harder than the reinforcement particles, the wear resistance of the material depends essentially on the capacity of the matrix to absorb the energy produced during wear, i.e., depends essentially on the matrix properties
Microstructure and Properties, Edward Arnold, London, 1981

The type of interface joint between individual segments, quality of joints, and mechanical interlock between segments will affect the behavioral performance of segmental bridges [3,4].
The use of advanced composites materials, in many fields in the past few decades, was expanded due to its perfect mechanical engineering properties like high tensile strength, low-density values, and resistance to fatigue [5,6].
Additionally, beam grouping and all of the cross-sectional properties described in Table 1.
Properties of segmental beams.
Properties of the concrete; From ACI 318M-19 code [13], Section 22.2.2.4.3 p.348-349, b1= 0.85 for fc’=28 MPa.

Thermal calculation of steam turbine parameters According to the intake and exhaust parameters of steam turbine, the R134a thermodynamic properties parameters are shown as follows: Inlet enthalpy: ; Theoretical exhaust enthalpy: ; Ideal enthalpy loss: ; The nozzle outlet theoretical flow velocity: Based on the velocity triangle, blades intake rate and absolute export rate are computed.
Assuming steam turbine mechanical efficiency to be 0.95 and generator efficiency to be 0.9, the steam turbine electric power will be 39.22 kW by calculating.
Evaporator and condenser are the key components of the ORC system, so the choice of condenser model directly affects the quality of the system model[2-3].
(8) where —Fanning friction coefficient;—The tube overall length, m; —Pipe inner diameter, m; —Flow velocity in pipe, m/s; —The tube number; —Tube fluid viscosity correction factor， when Re>2100, , Re<2100, .
A MATLAB program is compiled to calculate the shell and tube heat exchanger structure parameter, in which LMTD is used to calculate logarithmic temperature difference, Water properties are used to calculate the 0 to 100 ˚C the cooling water physical parameters.

The intrusive velocity and displacement on chest, abdomen and pelvis were affected by stiffness of critical area in BIW (Body In White), which did not be researched formerly.
Figure.2 New type side impact LPM TABLE 1 THE DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS IN NEW TYPE SIDE IMPACT LPM Parameters Description MDB Rear door Rocker B pillar Rest of vehicle Outdoor Four parts of inner door Stiffness Damping Displacement The most important parameters in LPM were spring properties, which extracted from the results of FE simulation based on same platform.
Figure.3 A finite element model of reference vehicle Figure.4 The vehicle deceleration comparison between test and simulation It is noticed that the spring properties in the LPM in Figure.3 represent interaction between a pair of subsystems.
Development of a New Lumped-parameter Model for Vehicle Side-impact Safety Simulation[J].Proceeding of International Mechanical Engineering Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,2008,222:1793-1811
A research on influencing factors of occupant injury in side impact [J].Automotive Engineering, 2008, 30(2)146-150.

Meanwhile, for better dye absorption into the thin film, manipulating the physical and chemical properties of metal oxide can leads to higher solar cell performance [8, 9].
Three parameters (short-circuit current, Isc, open-circuit voltage, Voc, and fill factor FF) are usually used to characterize solar cell outputs.
Knowing that Malaysia is a equator country, where sunny and rainy weather throughout the year with high humidity and cloudy, the photovoltaic solar cell performance can be easily affected- usually little or no direct sunlight.
As for intrinsic factor, aforementioned that the air consist of high humidity where directly jeopardized the catalyst, dye sensitizer, liquid electrolyte and overall organic solar cell performance and this is due to impurities.
Rusop: Effect of Annealing Temperatures on Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Prepared by Sol Gel Method, Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 1 (2010), p. 17-20 [13] K.