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This first article is dealing with the influence of chemical structure on vulcanization process parameters and physical properties before ageing.
Then the influence of chemical structure on physical properties before ageing is qualified by thermal and thermomechanical studies.
All these articles deal with copolymers structures and morphologies.
The gel time is measured, as defined by winter [14] at the crossover point corresponding to equality between G' and G", transition from liquid state to gel state and above it the network structure is a 3D structure.
Yoshimura, Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, Vol 27 (1), P.72 (1989) [17].R Hu, V.L.

The dielectric tunability of Fe-doped Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films prepared by sol-gel method Xiaohua Sun1, 2, Shuang Hou2, Xiuleng Li2, Tianyou Peng1, Xing-zhong Zhao1a 1 School of Physics, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. 2 School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
The structure and surface morphology of Fe-doped PST thin films were investigated as a function of Fe concentration by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
In fact, Fe3+ that has the similar radius as Ti4+ can substitute Ti4+ and act as an accepter in the B sites of PST perovskite structure.
All crystal structures of (Pb0.3Sr0.7)(Ti1-xFex)O3 powders are cubic phase and no second phase appears, which implies that the dopants have entered the unit-cell maintaining the perovskite structure of the solid solution.
The nonlinearity of permittivity with electric field of the material results from anharmonic interaction of titanium ions in perovskite structure [H21H].

The crystal structure of the deposited TiO2/ZnO films was hexagonal wurtzite at (002) and (101) peaks and the films were highly oriented along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate.
Such optical behaviour was probably due to TiO2/ZnO films having similar structures to ZnO films and higher percentage of ZnO contents in the nanocomposite.
Secondly, the effect of lattice vibrations on the band structure and energy gap also varies with temperature.
Goshe, Shaping Nanometer-Scale Architecture Through Surface Chemistry, Adv.
Miki-Yoshida, Growth, structure and optical characterization of high quality ZnO thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis, Thin Solid Films 350 (1999) 192

The patterns display a hexagonal structure of ZnO where the diffraction peak match well to the hexagonal phase of ZnO with space group P63mc and space number 186 (ICSD).
The shift is due to the strain induced in the lattice structure which confirm that both Fe and Ni has substituted the Zn ion in the ZnO matrix [7, 11].
The images for the undoped ZnO reveals the formation of hexagonal shaped ZnO needle structure with a non-uniformly distributed nanoparticles, their diameter is between 12 nm to 35 nm.
Kulkarni, Room temperature ferromagnetism in undoped and Fe doped ZnO nanorods: Microwave-assisted synthesis, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 184(2) (2011) 391–400
Malek, Structural modification of ZnO nanorod array through Fe-doping: Ramification on UV and humidity sensing properties, Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 18 (2019) 100262

Poly(ether ester) elastomer, a segmented copolymer, recently has attracted a wide attention for its unique properties such as elasticity, low temperature impact resistance and chemistry resistance.
The chemical structure, thermal properties and hydrophilic performance of the copolymers were respectively characterized.
(1) Experimental Results and Discussion Structure and block ratios.
To investigate the chemical structure and the practical block ratios of poly(ether ester)s, Soxhlet extraction (SE) was selected to purify the copolymers by removing oligomer, unreacted PEG and other impurities.
[10] M.Wang, L.Zhang, Recovery as a measure of oriented crystalline structure in poly(ether ester)s based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) used as shape memory polymers,J.Polym.Sci.

The formation of Ag particles by the photo-reduction using UV-light have been confirmed by in-situ UV-Vis, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements.
Cu particles have also been prepared by the addition of a reducing reagent sodium borohydride, and the electronic structure of Cu ionic species has been investigated after reduction in the water-in-scCO2 microemulsions.
Supercritical fluids (SCFs) offer several processing advantages over conventional solvents in materials chemistry [9, 10] and especially in the synthesis of nanocrystals [11-15].
After 120 min with continuous stirring to form a single-phase microemusions, attempts were made to measure in-situ Ag K-edge XAFS spectra to confirm the solvation structure of Ag + ions in the microemulsions.

The structure, morphology and crystal size of films were determined by using XRD and FESEM which improved the forming of Cd with minor sulfur defects by using thermal evaporation technique.
In this work, high crystalline CdS NPs thin films were prepared by using thermal evaporation technique (TET) which is expansive method and can be control on the formation crystalline thin films as investigated the structure, morphology and crystal size of films using XRD and FESEM with EDX analysis.
From the Fig (1), a sharp peak with high intensity was found at 2θ= 26.62 o which reveal a single crystal of CdS structure corresponding to CdS hexagonal plane (002) with only one phase.
The morphological and structural studies of synthesized thin films provide a single crystal of CdS structure corresponding to CdS hexagonal plane (002) with only one phase and small grain size as shown in XRD pattern in good agreement with FESEM.
Mohsin, Facile synthesis and antimicrobial activity of CdS-Ag2S nanocomposites, Bioorganic Chemistry 90 (2019) 103064

Study on Urea-sensitive Electrode Based Porous Silicon Huaixiang Li1,a, Qingyuan Wang1,b, Qingqing Wei1,c, Lusheng Chen1,d 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R.
The molecular structure on the PS surface was characterized with infrared (IR) technique.
The structure of urease immobilization on the APTS/PS was used as working electrode mounted in a measuring cell sealed by an O-ring.
Apparently, Fig. 3B presents a different structure on the surface of the sample.
Electrochemical characteristics of the urease immobilized PS in presence of urea was measured using three electrodes system and the urease immobilization on the APTS/PS structures was used as working electrode.

Reconstruction of tissue-engineered bone using an apatite-fiber scaffold, rat bone marrow cells and radial-flow bioreactor: optimization of flow rate in circulating medium Maiko Miura1, a, Jun Fukasawa1, a, Yumiko Yasutomi1, a, Haruka Maehashi2, b, Tomokazu Matsuura2, c and Mamoru Aizawa1, a 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan, 214-8571 2 Division of Central Clinical Laboratory, Jikei University Hospital, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-8461 amamorua@isc.meiji.ac.jp, b haruka_vaio@hotmail.com‎, cmatsuurat@jikei.ac.jp Keywords: Tissue-engineered bone, Apatite-fiber scaffold, Rat bone-marrow cells, Differentiation, Radial-flow bioreactor Abstract.
In addition, we have reconstructed the tissue-engineered bone with 3D structure through 3D-cell culture of mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow (RBMC) using the AFS settled into the radial-flow bioreactor (RFB)　, and examined effect of flow rate of medium in the RFB on the differentiation of osteoblasts in tissue-engineered bone.

Mold together with other microorganisms are belonging to the group of biodeteriogens which is common occurred on both the inner and outer surfaces of building structures.
These materials are commonly used in construction including the crawl space structure.
Kotlík (University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague), which was made by US Patent.
The performed analysis show that we bring the potential risk of mold growth into the building structure and it is only caused by usage of untreated building materials.
In future, this could lead to a mistaken idea that the materials were attacked by mold from the air after incorporation into the structure of the real model (crawl space).