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Online since: March 2016
Authors: Ofélia de Queiroz Fernandes Araújo, Jéssica dos Santos Cruz de Almeida, José Luiz de Medeiros
Based on the Jupiter data released by the ANP, the processing alternative proposed in this paper aims to treat this gas producer well, by dividing the processing into three areas: subsea, offshore (topside of the FPSOs) and onshore.
The main advantages presented by not performing the offshore gas processing are: the area released and the weight reduction on the platforms (which are strong limitations to the platforms) and the transfer of the gas processing to the mainland, reducing significantly the cost of platforms (decreasing the CAPEX of pre-salt).
It is estimated that the cost of construction of the proposed pipelines is compensated by the increase in oil production (due to the area released and the weight reduction on the FPSO) and by the replacement of a modular processing technology (FPSO) by an onshore natural gas processing plant, which would allow economies of scale.
In order to increase the separation, after the pressure reduction this stream is heated, vaporizing the condensed gas.
And this reduction positively implies the strong limitations of these platforms, weight and area.
The main advantages presented by not performing the offshore gas processing are: the area released and the weight reduction on the platforms (which are strong limitations to the platforms) and the transfer of the gas processing to the mainland, reducing significantly the cost of platforms (decreasing the CAPEX of pre-salt).
It is estimated that the cost of construction of the proposed pipelines is compensated by the increase in oil production (due to the area released and the weight reduction on the FPSO) and by the replacement of a modular processing technology (FPSO) by an onshore natural gas processing plant, which would allow economies of scale.
In order to increase the separation, after the pressure reduction this stream is heated, vaporizing the condensed gas.
And this reduction positively implies the strong limitations of these platforms, weight and area.
Online since: March 2019
Authors: Ying Chin Lim, Ying Pei Lim
The BET surface area of bare TiO2 was found to be 9.71 m2/g, which is close to the value reported in the technical data sheet (10 m2/g).
It is postulated that the incubation temperature does affect the deposition-reduction rate during impregnation process.
Tang, Photocatalytic reductive degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites: A mechanism based on the switching of photocatalytic reduction potential being controlled by the valence state of copper.
Biswas, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O on mesoporous silica supported Cu/TiO2 catalysts.
Obalova, Effect of calcination temperatureand calcination time on the Kaolinite/TiO2 composite for photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
It is postulated that the incubation temperature does affect the deposition-reduction rate during impregnation process.
Tang, Photocatalytic reductive degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites: A mechanism based on the switching of photocatalytic reduction potential being controlled by the valence state of copper.
Biswas, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O on mesoporous silica supported Cu/TiO2 catalysts.
Obalova, Effect of calcination temperatureand calcination time on the Kaolinite/TiO2 composite for photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Olumide O. Obe, O. Atanseiye Kolade, S.A. Mogaji
These processes ensure the data is clean, structured, and suitable for training and evaluating models.
Figure 2 shows the first phase of data preprocessing which involved enhancing video quality.
Overfitting occurs when a model learns to perform exceptionally well on training data but fails to generalize effectively to new, unseen data.
(Eds.), International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science (pp. 21-37).
Tool Support for Systematic Test Data Generation using Genetic Algorithms.
Figure 2 shows the first phase of data preprocessing which involved enhancing video quality.
Overfitting occurs when a model learns to perform exceptionally well on training data but fails to generalize effectively to new, unseen data.
(Eds.), International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science (pp. 21-37).
Tool Support for Systematic Test Data Generation using Genetic Algorithms.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Hong Yan Zhou, Wen Song Zhang, Ji Long Hao, Shuang Wang
Microvascular complications of diabetes are characterized by damage to the microvasculature of the kidney,retina and neurons[6].Reduction in retinal perfusion lead to vaso-occlusion and thus linked to the progressive ischaemic hypoxia[7].Ischemia is the key factor of diabetic retinopathy[8].Increased biomarkers of CRP,IL-6, and TNFalpha, and especially interstitial cellular adhesion molecule-1,vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1,and E-selectin are predictors of diabetic[9].
The increasing of tHcy concentrations lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD)[11-12].Plasma tHcy increase in patients with type II diabetes contributes to diabetic macroangiopathy)[13-14] tHcy maybe a biomarker of Diabetic retinopathy.From our datas,the levels of FA dicreased copared to control group.The levels of TG, Ch, HDL-C, LDL-C showed no difference between the two groups.This result was not consistant with what we anticipated.This may manifested that tHcy level will be a special and certain biomarker in the pathology process of Diabetic retinopathy.FA and vitamin B12 supplementation decreases homocysteine (tHcy) levels[15].So the supplementation of FA will be considered in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy process .HPLC is a chromatographic technique identifying the individual components of mixture.and the sample mixture is separated into compounds as it interacts with the column particles.This method is propriate for the tHcy detection in our research.
From our data, the increase of plasma tHcy maybe a risk factor in the occurrence of Diabetic retinopathy.HPLC can be useful for tHcy examination.
The increasing of tHcy concentrations lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD)[11-12].Plasma tHcy increase in patients with type II diabetes contributes to diabetic macroangiopathy)[13-14] tHcy maybe a biomarker of Diabetic retinopathy.From our datas,the levels of FA dicreased copared to control group.The levels of TG, Ch, HDL-C, LDL-C showed no difference between the two groups.This result was not consistant with what we anticipated.This may manifested that tHcy level will be a special and certain biomarker in the pathology process of Diabetic retinopathy.FA and vitamin B12 supplementation decreases homocysteine (tHcy) levels[15].So the supplementation of FA will be considered in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy process .HPLC is a chromatographic technique identifying the individual components of mixture.and the sample mixture is separated into compounds as it interacts with the column particles.This method is propriate for the tHcy detection in our research.
From our data, the increase of plasma tHcy maybe a risk factor in the occurrence of Diabetic retinopathy.HPLC can be useful for tHcy examination.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Ľubica Selcová
Demographic projections-urban growth
According to the World Population Data Sheet realized by Population Reference Bureau in Washington DC, 53% of the world's population lives in urban settlements.
The population is growing exponentially, together with the reduction of natural resources and environmental degradation.
References [1] Turancová, M., Šubová, M. : Urbanizmus verzus udržateľné mestá, 2008, [cit. 2015-06-10] Information on
[2] Information on data-sheet_eng.pdf>[cit. 2015-06-10]
[3] O'Neill, B., Balk, D.: PRB gratefully acknowledges contributions and comments from Michal Avni, John Bongaarts, Rodolfo Bulatao, Barney Cohen, Bessie Lee, and Ellen Starbird.
The population is growing exponentially, together with the reduction of natural resources and environmental degradation.
References [1] Turancová, M., Šubová, M. : Urbanizmus verzus udržateľné mestá, 2008, [cit. 2015-06-10] Information on
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Gui Hua Yang
At first, measured experimental data of 60 groups (namely learning samples) are preprocessed, and normalization of the datas is in the [0.1, 0.9], then the network is trained . after genetic algorithm optimization, the initial parameters of BP network model is:
the weight vector , The number of hidden layer nodes is 8.
Mechanical and electrical information[J], eighteenth period: P.160-161.(2013) [3] Lai zhilin, Liu xiangdong and Geng jie, etc..Sliding mode control of hyteresis of piezoceramic actuators based on inverse Preisach compensation[J], Optics and precisi engineering, 19(6):P.1281-1290.(2011) [4]MIELKE A, Generalized prandtl-ishlinskii operators arising from homogenization and dimension reduction [J], Phycica B: Condensed Matter, 407(9):1330-1335.(2012) [5] BADEL A, QIU J H,SEBALD G, etc..
Mechanical and electrical information[J], eighteenth period: P.160-161.(2013) [3] Lai zhilin, Liu xiangdong and Geng jie, etc..Sliding mode control of hyteresis of piezoceramic actuators based on inverse Preisach compensation[J], Optics and precisi engineering, 19(6):P.1281-1290.(2011) [4]MIELKE A, Generalized prandtl-ishlinskii operators arising from homogenization and dimension reduction [J], Phycica B: Condensed Matter, 407(9):1330-1335.(2012) [5] BADEL A, QIU J H,SEBALD G, etc..
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Dorin Rus, Lucian Capitanu, Virgil Florescu
Reduction of wear and friction was more significant when carbon fiber was used as reinforcement together with MoS2 filler.
Wear evolution as scar wear volume (a) and depth (b) function of the normal load and contact temperature and variation of wear mode (c) depending of the contact temperature and normal load, at sliding speed of 18.56 cm/s for Nylonplast AVE Polyamide + 30% SGF / C120 steel All presented tests lasted 1 hour, so all wear data represent the wear rate, expressed in cm3/h and mm/h.
Quantitative data regarding the wear rates have been presented in detail elsewhere [39].
Polymer Data Handbook.
ISBN 978-0195107890 [41] Material Selection Guide, 1.888.CURBELL, www.curbellplastics.com [42] Lexan, Polycarbonate Resin, General Electric Data Sheet, www.vistatek.com [43] D Rus, L.
Wear evolution as scar wear volume (a) and depth (b) function of the normal load and contact temperature and variation of wear mode (c) depending of the contact temperature and normal load, at sliding speed of 18.56 cm/s for Nylonplast AVE Polyamide + 30% SGF / C120 steel All presented tests lasted 1 hour, so all wear data represent the wear rate, expressed in cm3/h and mm/h.
Quantitative data regarding the wear rates have been presented in detail elsewhere [39].
Polymer Data Handbook.
ISBN 978-0195107890 [41] Material Selection Guide, 1.888.CURBELL, www.curbellplastics.com [42] Lexan, Polycarbonate Resin, General Electric Data Sheet, www.vistatek.com [43] D Rus, L.
Online since: May 2018
Authors: Bambang Suhendro
The model is also very useful for evaluation or assessment purposes, provided that the input data for material properties (concrete and soil) have to be from the results of the material assessment process, either by Non-Destructive Test or Laboratory Test of samples taken from the field at the time of assessment.
To protect the steel pipe from corrosion in the coast or the swampy environment, it had been coated with galvanization process, while to avoid coating scratch during construction, it had been coated with coal tar on the outer faces.The weight reduction of pipe component had very significant effects on: (a) reduction of the structural self-weight that provide saving around 25% of the soft soil allowable stress, (b) construction method, where heavy equipment is not necessary anymore, (c) construction time, that is much easier and faster construction process could be (a) The 1st FEM model - 1992 (b) The 2nd FEM model - 1996 (c) The 3nd FEM model – 2015 and its typical analysis results Fig. 4 The 3D Finite Element Model for CCS pavement proposed by Suhendro [1,3,5] Deflectometers position [mm] Vertical deflection [ x 10—3 mm] Fig. 5 Deflected bowl from Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) test implemented, (
A data logger was used to records all measured deflection data.
To help practical engineers in designing pavement with MCCS, the following steps could be implemented: (a) collect basic design data related to single wheel load equivalent, ESAL, CBR or coefficient of vertical subgrade reaction of the subgrade, its internal friction angle and unit weight of the soil, and environmental factors like corrosive or aggressive environment, (b) use several simplified design formulas or graphical charts to perform preliminary design, (c) obtain tentative slab thickness, pipe diameter, pipe length, and pipe spacing, and slab reinforcement, (d) obtain estimated cost of the MCCS pavement, (e) conduct Detailed Engineering Design (DED) by performing structural analysis using one of the available 3 alternatives of the valid FEM proposed by Suhendro to obtain critical responses of slab deflection and internal stresses on slab and pipes, and soil stress distribution underneath the slab, from which the preliminary design result could be verified whether the resulting deflection
The 70% reduction of the fill weight had significant contribution in reducing consolidation settlement.
To protect the steel pipe from corrosion in the coast or the swampy environment, it had been coated with galvanization process, while to avoid coating scratch during construction, it had been coated with coal tar on the outer faces.The weight reduction of pipe component had very significant effects on: (a) reduction of the structural self-weight that provide saving around 25% of the soft soil allowable stress, (b) construction method, where heavy equipment is not necessary anymore, (c) construction time, that is much easier and faster construction process could be (a) The 1st FEM model - 1992 (b) The 2nd FEM model - 1996 (c) The 3nd FEM model – 2015 and its typical analysis results Fig. 4 The 3D Finite Element Model for CCS pavement proposed by Suhendro [1,3,5] Deflectometers position [mm] Vertical deflection [ x 10—3 mm] Fig. 5 Deflected bowl from Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) test implemented, (
A data logger was used to records all measured deflection data.
To help practical engineers in designing pavement with MCCS, the following steps could be implemented: (a) collect basic design data related to single wheel load equivalent, ESAL, CBR or coefficient of vertical subgrade reaction of the subgrade, its internal friction angle and unit weight of the soil, and environmental factors like corrosive or aggressive environment, (b) use several simplified design formulas or graphical charts to perform preliminary design, (c) obtain tentative slab thickness, pipe diameter, pipe length, and pipe spacing, and slab reinforcement, (d) obtain estimated cost of the MCCS pavement, (e) conduct Detailed Engineering Design (DED) by performing structural analysis using one of the available 3 alternatives of the valid FEM proposed by Suhendro to obtain critical responses of slab deflection and internal stresses on slab and pipes, and soil stress distribution underneath the slab, from which the preliminary design result could be verified whether the resulting deflection
The 70% reduction of the fill weight had significant contribution in reducing consolidation settlement.
Online since: December 2025
Authors: Lawrence Zahemen Tuleun, Adeola A. Adedeji
Throughout the testing process, load–deflection data were continuously recorded to capture the beam’s structural response under progressive loading.
This data offered helpful knowledge about stiffness variation, crack initiation, and post-cracking behavior.
Conversely, the hybrid-fiber beam displayed a more gradual reduction in load after reaching its peak, signifying greater energy absorption and improved ductility.
As a result, BE1HF demonstrated a more gradual reduction in load, indicating greater energy absorption and structural resilience under flexural stress.
This reduction can be explained by the large plastic deformations that the lightly reinforced non-fiber beam undergoes, which overshadow the stiffening effect of fibers.
This data offered helpful knowledge about stiffness variation, crack initiation, and post-cracking behavior.
Conversely, the hybrid-fiber beam displayed a more gradual reduction in load after reaching its peak, signifying greater energy absorption and improved ductility.
As a result, BE1HF demonstrated a more gradual reduction in load, indicating greater energy absorption and structural resilience under flexural stress.
This reduction can be explained by the large plastic deformations that the lightly reinforced non-fiber beam undergoes, which overshadow the stiffening effect of fibers.
Online since: May 2024
Authors: Artur Rękas, Tomasz Kaczmarek, Marek Radke, Marcin Kneć
Simulation of stamping car body elements requires defining the boundary conditions and initial data [1-3].
A significant advantage of this method is a major reduction of the implementation time in the production line because the approach in the initial stage does not require the installation of tools on the line.
Improving the flow conditions of the material at the die-blank holder contact allowed for a reduction in thinning.
The correlation of the deformation measurements with the forming limit curve determined for the CR4 grade sheet metal with a thickness of g = 0.75 mm showed a reduction in the level of deformation in the zone 4 (Fig. 25).
The deformation level reduction effect was obtained mainly by improving the material flow in the highly deformed areas.
A significant advantage of this method is a major reduction of the implementation time in the production line because the approach in the initial stage does not require the installation of tools on the line.
Improving the flow conditions of the material at the die-blank holder contact allowed for a reduction in thinning.
The correlation of the deformation measurements with the forming limit curve determined for the CR4 grade sheet metal with a thickness of g = 0.75 mm showed a reduction in the level of deformation in the zone 4 (Fig. 25).
The deformation level reduction effect was obtained mainly by improving the material flow in the highly deformed areas.