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Overview of the Technology of Bionic Surface Drag Reduction Gu Yunqing1,a, Dai Dongshun1,b, Mou Jiegang1,c,*, Zheng Shuihua1,d, Wu Denghao2,e, Wang Evan3,f (1College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China) (2Zhijiang College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China) (3Institut National Polytechnique of Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble 38031, France) aguyunqing@hrbeu.edu.cn, bdaidongshun@163.com, cmjg1964@zjut.edu.cn, dzneu@zjut.edu.cn, ewudenghao@aliyun.com, fzhaoheu@gmail.com Key words: Bionic, Drag reduction, Non-smooth Surface, Bionic jet surface.
It is important to reduce the friction resistance between water and the gun barrel in the upper water cannon fire extinguishing to improve fire water gun range, protect the property and reduce the loss.
Zhang etc [12] made some experiment research on rotation body about dimpled of bionic surface drag reduction, a quadratic rotatable design with 3 factors and 5 levels for each factor was used to optimize the parameters of the dimpled surfaces, they found that the dimpled surface at the back of the rotation body can maximum reduce 4.98% of the front of viscous resistance and 2.69% of bottom resistance.
Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, 2013
Affecting of riblets shape of nonsmooth surface on drag reduction.

Introduction At present, much of the activity of scientists is focused upon understanding the relationships in the sequence, synthesis ↔ structure ↔ properties, of solids in order to boost the preparation of materials having the required properties [1].
Indeed, "perfect" - and most "bulk" - solids do not possess desirable properties.
This condition is very important for preserving the adsorption and catalytic properties of the material.
We assume that similar factors are valid in the case of the ZrO2GeO2 co-precipitation realized in the present work.
Optical properties of Zr-Ce-Al-O glassy products.

According to Darus [8] the surface geometries also affect the convective heat transfer process.
The study of ferrofluid on a flat plate conducted by Ramli et al. [13] on moving horizontal flat plate and vertical flat plate by Ilias et al. [14, 15] investigated the fluid interaction and the other factors that help to enhance the heat transfer.
The thermophysical properties of water and magnetite (Fe3O4) are listed in Table 1.
Thermophysical properties of base fluid and ferroparticles [34, 35] Physical Properties Water Magnetite (Fe3O4) (kg/m3) 997.1 5200 (J/kg·K) 4179 670 k (W/m·K) 0.613 6 0.05 25000 Table 2.
Conf. on ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, San Francisco, USA. (1995) 99-105

To improve the cell performance of DSSCs based on 1D nanostructured photoanode, efforts should be made to increase the internal surface area and improve the light scattering properties while maintaining the excellent electron transport properties.
The structural properties were characterized by X ray diffraction meter (40 kV, 100 mA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Hitachi S4700).
The different IPCE performance of the DSSCs should be ascribed to the other two factors.
To further investigate the electron transport properties, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the as-assembled DSSCs was measured in dark at open circuit.
Hong, Surfactant free most probable TiO2 nanostructures via hydrothermal and its dye sensitized solar cell properties, Sci.

Collagen properties.
The properties of collagen depend on different factors such as its structure, self-assembly and functionalities [24].
Mechanical properties.
Functional properties.
Even with smaller fiber sizes, the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of collagen are increased [13, 32].

The CBTC system adopted in the Yizhuang line has the independent intellectual property rights, its performance indicators have reached the international advanced level, and has passed the certification of highest security level SIL4 by an internationally independent third party.
"Combined transmission" mode was adopted in the CBTC system of Subway Yizhuang Line.When the train-ground wireless transmission scheme of the signal demonstration project of the Yizhuang metro line was formulated, according to the characteristics of the said wireless transmission technologies and the metro lines, with the purpose of minimizing the external wireless interference effects, the cost factors were comprehensively considered.
Exploratory practice of the three kinds of management concepts Be user demand-oriented to enhance cooperation between "government, enterprises, universities, research institutes and users".The urban rail transit is the technology-intensive industry that relates to the civil, mechanical, electrical, electronics and communications industries, the technology and equipment levels of the urban rail system reflect the national industrialization level.
The company has made the use of the CBTC system core technology that has an independent intellectual property rights, and under the government guidance and user management.
Conclusions The train-ground wireless transmission technology is a key technology to ensure the stable transmission of various data information, video information and control information between the station and the trains, its transmission quality directly affects the normal work of the daily operation and the feeling of the passengers.

The liquid/solid phases were maintained in contact, under mechanical agitation, at ambient temperature for 12 h; (2) The impregnated sample was carbonized/activated in a muffle furnace at 500oC for 4h to get the ZnCl2-impregnated sorbent (GPC, hereafter); (3) After the activation, The products were washed sequentially with 0.1M HCl, hot water and finally cold distilled water to remove residual organic and excess zinc chloride, then dried at 85 ℃ for 12 h.
The increase in metal removal with the adsorbent dosage can be attributed to increased surface area and availability of more adsorption sites [[]Zhao, N.Q.; Wei, N.; Li, J.J.; Qiao, Z.J.; Cui, J.; He, F., Surface properties of chemically modified activated carbons for adsorption rate of Cr (VI).
Previous studies have indicated that the solution pH greatly affected adsorption behavior of heavy metals, because the surface charge density of the adsorbent and the metallic species depend on the pH [[] Selvi, K.; Pattabhi, S.; Kadirvelu, K., Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon.
The essential characteristics of Langmuir isotherm can be expressed in term of a dimensionless parameter RL, also known as the separation factor, which is defined by [13]: RL=1/(1+ KL C0) (5) where KL is the Langmuir constant and Co is the initial Cr(VI) concentration (mg/L).
The correlation coefficients (R2) were found to be 0.9871, 0.9658 and 0.9198 for the adsorption at pH 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0, respectively. 1/n is the heterogeneity factor and can be used as a measure of the deviation from linearity of the adsorption [[]Crini, G., Kinetic, equilibrium studies on the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by adsorption onto a cyclodextrin polymer.

In most cases, the final properties depend significantly on the size and spatial distribution of clusters.
The backside of the SOI wafer was removed by a mechanical and chemical polishing which stops at the backside of the oxide.
The behavior of fluids at the microscale can differ from macroscopic behavior in that factors such as surface tension and energy dissipation may dominate the system.
The surface structure and interface stability of liquid Au-Si droplets on Si shall affect the shape and movement of the droplets.

The intensive development of industry and agriculture is accompanied by significant disruptions to the properties of the natural environment.
But at the moment, there is no single methodological support that would take into account the full range of diverse factors that affect the level of comfort of greening facilities in urbanized areas.
Satisfactory – trees are healthy, but with signs of stunted growth, with an unevenly developed crown, few leaves on the branches, minor mechanical damage and small hollows.

We can potentially explain Ni NPs stimulating nitrification by a fact that Ni activates NR enzyme and can be found in urease, hydrogenase and co-factor F430.
Nickel can also be replaced with ferrum, which is a co-factor for nitrification enzymes.
Salar, Reverse Micellar Synthesis, Characterization and antibacterial study of nickel nanoparticles, Adv. in Control, Chem., Civil and Mechanical Eng. 17 (2010) 88-94
Guo, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil, J.
Korchagin, Methods of study of the physical properties of soils, Agropromizdat, Moscow, 1986