Search results

Innovative process integrations are implemented for thermal [1] and mechanical joining processes [2] (e.g. clinching) in the forming tool.
In both procedures, apart from the economic advantages especially the component properties can be improved.
Welding components integrated into deep drawing components Since the kinematic structure of the welding device is a crucial factor for an unpowered integration of the welding device in the kinematics of the press, it should be considered separately.
Due to the high mechanical load, the electrode cap is made of a copper-beryllium-alloy with tensile strengths up to 1379 MPa [16].
Further examinations on micro-sections regarding hardness, geometric shape of the welding point and heat-affected zone, should contribute to more detailed analyses of joining in deep drawing processes.

The shale minerals are based on clay, quartz, and calcite, its relative component change affects the rock mechanics properties, pore structure and the adsorption ability to gas.
The well completion ways mainly include perforation completion after casing cementing, perforation completion after tail pipe cementing, open hole completion, combined bridge completion, combined mechanical completion, etc..
Volume transformation forms a complex cracks network system, initiation and expanding of cracks is not just tension damage, but also exists shear, slipping, bad break and other complex mechanical behaviors.
[2] Yuzhen Huang, Jinliang Huang, etc., in: A key factor promoting rapid development of shale gas in America: Technical progress, NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY, In Chinese, 2009, 29(5), p.7-10

Many institutions of higher learning has conducted studies on waste composition as institutional waste is a part of municipal solid waste (MSW) [4], hence, this composition study will be useful in order to obtain a conventional management of the waste for few reasons which comprises a necessity to approximate potential materials recovery, estimate the physical, chemical and thermal properties of the wastes, maintain compliance with regulations, determining the sources of the waste generated and to facilitate the design of the processing equipment [6].
This is because polyethylene terephthalate (PET) possess good clarity and does not affect the original taste of the water.
The most critical environmental factor for composting is the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) [11].
ii) Sample weighing The weighing of the sample was done by using a mechanical or electronic weigh scale in accordance to ASTM D5231 – 92 (Reapproved 2003 equivalent to 2016 version), the Standard Test Method for Determination of the Composition of Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste establishes that [13].
The abbreviations in figures 5 to 7 are as follows; FKA - Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam (Faculty of Civil Engineering), FKM – Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering), MF – Main Foyer located at PTAR3 (Tun Abdul Razak 3 Library), FKE – Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik (Faculty of Electical Enginering) and FKK – Fakulti Kejuruteraan Kimia (Faculty of Chemical Engineering).

The “water factors” which caused expansive soil cutting bed diseases, in addition to rain and also affected by the climate of the foundation soil moisture redistribution[4].Anh-minh Tang, etc[5] found that bed’s deformation will be cyclical fluctuations as the change of climate when they study the expansive soil cutting bed disease of the high-speed railway near the Montelimar city.
A lot of theoretical analysis [9-10], numerical simulation [11] and field tests showed that [12,13], by the influence of swelling, drainage condition, initial humidity[14],waterproof layer buried depth and stiffness factors, the deformation of expansive soil foundation under the influence of the climate [12] with significant ,Inhomogeneity and last for a long time, and uneven deformation of foundation soil, then these inhomogeneous deformation cause drainage cross bedding slope is reduced, flexible waterproof layer is uneven, make the bed, poor drainage, water, and eventually led to the bed in the train dynamic load under the action of repeated produce disease [16].Therefore, in expansive soil region, the railway cutting bed waterproof layer of surface water, not only to be able to partition shall also have the certain stiffness to coordinate basal expansive soil due to climate change and the inhomogeneous deformation, to ensure the smooth lines.
The mechanical parameters are shown in table 1, in line with the design requirements.
The foundation soil was taken from Yun-Gui railway - strong expansive soil roadbed in worksite of expansive soil, it’s basic mechanical indexes are shown in table 2, the model of specific size and component layout is shown in figure 3
For further testing of the waterproof layer, whether there is a slight crack tester used the method that take the membrane surface edge with water and with a magnifying glass look carefully, we found no micro cracks in the waterproof layer, therefore, the waterproof layer has properties fatigue resistance

Further, also the effects on pore characteristics can be assessed, which are relevant for transport-based durability properties of cementitious materials.
Of course, shape is also an important factor, however to a smaller degree in the case of cement blending.
So, this factor will be ignored in this paper.
The hydraulic properties of such small pores will probably be so much more unfavorable in the transport system underlying transport-based durability problems, that they can be ignored.
Mehta, Chemical and Physical Effects of Silica Fume on the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete, ACI Mater.

However, RC-DEBs are identified as shear-critical structural elements based on numerous studies on the static loading scenarios. [2] presented a mechanical analysis of the RC-DEB in shear using the upper bound proposal, geometry, and the applied load, which are inseparable factors during failure in shear.
Material Strength and Properties Material Property Concrete Steel Elastic Material (kN/mm2) (N/mm2) Initial stiffness (MPa) 2.2x105 2.1x106 2.2x106 Poisson ratio 0.22 0.35 0.35 Unit weight (kN/m3) 24 78.6 78.7 Yield strength (MPa) - 450 - Tensile strength (MPa) 2.61 700 - Compressive strength (MPa) 40 - - Finite Element Model and Boundary Conditions: A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the RC-DEB girder was considered; the option here is to capture the behavior of each element in response to the octagonal nodes that make up the meshing of the individual element.
Hence, the reduction of the shear bars does not affect the increase of the longitudinal reinforcement.
EN-2 stipulates that the allowable deflection dl shall be given as: dl=ld×310σs (11) ld is the limit span ratio given as [9]: ld=K11+1.5fck ρoρ-ρ'+112fck ρ'ρo12 (12) K is the factor to take into account the different structural systems, for a simply supported beam, K=1 ρo=fck×10-3 (13) ρ defines the tension bar ratio equivalent to Ast bd, ρ' defines the required compression bar ratio, σs defines the stress produced by the steel.
It is also noted that although the experimental scaled-down was properly done, the FEM analysis was modelled considering uniform properties throughout the computation, whereas the nonhomogeneous constituents of concrete and its nonlinear behavior could have a significant impact on the experimental fatigue performance test of the RC-DEBs.

In the high temperature field, ceramic coatings are essentially considered for their thermal insulating properties.
Recently the low CTE pyrochlore formula La2Hf2O7 was proposed and seems to present interesting properties [67].
Another way to adapt coating properties is to favour particular grain growth orientations.
Most EBC and TBC having physical and mechanical properties different from those of the substrate materials, it is common practice to use "bond coats".
Several development orientations going sometimes to opposite directions can be distinguished: one approach is to try and limit the thickness of the BC; indeed, especially for moving parts, this bond coat represents a supplementary mechanical loading affecting the overal performance of the system.

In this case a proper treatment is essential to improve its geotechnical properties.
Since MC was fixed at 2LL for this study, then the dominant factor is the cement content.
According to Lorenzo and Bergado (2004) [3], yield stress is gov-erned by the after curing void ratio which affects the packing of the solid particles.
Boutouil, “Geotechnical properties of dredged marine sediments treated at high water/cement ratio,” Geo-Marine Lett., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 171–179, 2009
Murianni, “On the mechanical behaviour of dredged submarine clayey sediments stabilized with lime or cement,” Can.

FIllIng stone mortar constructIon technIque Is to fully utIlIze Its good flowIng abIlIty of mortar, antI-segregatIon performance characterIstIcs and rushed to fIll In the gap between the stones body, a key factor In the performance requIrements of thIs constructIon technology Is requIred[2-3].
The test procedures and test results analysIs FIxed sand-lIme mortar than the water-cement ratIo under condItIons affect test performance.
The lIquIdIty of mortar Is basIcally determIned by the ratIo of mortar and the cement .ThIs experIment Is about the maIn effects of water-cement ratIo for mortar propertIes and prelImInarIly determInes the best mIx mortar cement ratIo based on thIs test.
VarIous propertIes of the formatIon of stones In mortar stIll needed further research, such as strength, ImpermeabIlIty and so on.
ExperImental study the mechanIcal propertIes of self-compactIng concrete rockfIll [J] Rock MechanIcs and EngIneerIng, 2007 (26): 3321-3326.

The Tocantins state has the lowest concentration of this type of property, adding only 5,447 apartments.
The regulation considers as mechanical devices, the blinds, ventilated sills (air intakes which affect cross-ventilation), the wind towers (extraction ducts), as well as external openings through windows.
In this model, the thermal comfort index given includes the influence of environmental parameters and those relating to thermal perception, obtained on the basis of field studies and complemented by sociological factors.
Among the factors that allow this tolerance limit of temperature variation on comfort zone, are the processes of adaptation of the users to the environment and their possibility to look for the place with the best ventilation designed by the equipment.
It is possible to observe in the analysis of Table 15, a reduction in financial cost of structural armour, in percentages, between 11.4% and 12.2%; for the volume of concrete foundations a reduction between 32.0% and 35.6%, and finally, a reduction of load on the foundations between 15.5% and 16.4%, factors of extreme relevance to civil engineering.