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Up to now, it has not commonly used for hydraulic structures (especially high arch dams) due to the complexity in material properties and construction conditions [14,15,16,17,18].
Then base on the assumption that normal stress and shear stress at arch-cantilever sections contributed linearly from upstream to downstream, using the Material Strength method to calculate again stress components by which affects of concentrated stresses reduced significantly.
In taking the effect of contraction joints into consideration, most complicated problems are that how to model the contact area as well as to determine mechanical parameters corresponding to the selected model.
Although taking earthquake into account to lead the maximum Y-component of tensile stress is relatively large, but in the Chinese Hydropower Industry Standard DL 5073-2000 [23] defines, of which material properties of a dam working in dynamic state, values of specified compressive strength is assigned 30% greater than this is in static state; and a value of specified tensile strength is equal 10% of specified compressive strength.
J, Mechanical Model for Hydraulic Structure Contact Problem and Its Applications in the Three Gorges Project, Ph.

Furthermore, a smaller grain size can also improve mechanical properties, in particular to elongation.
Especially, avoiding or at least reducing the so-called Si poisoning is of extremely importance to achieve a well-control of the solidification microstructure and a significant improvement of mechanical properties in Al-Si-Mg based alloys.
The presence of the Ta-rich layer at the TiB2 interface indicates that heterogenous nucleation, together with the growth restriction, is another important factor affecting the grain refinement.

The Geotechnical Engineering Chemistry is one of the main methods to change the loess sites engineering properties [9].
As for grouting to stake, the thick liquid interact with the foundation loess by chemical reaction, can increase its Physical characters by mechanical loadings.
The loess has loose grains accumulation in microstructure, so need to rebuild and modify its weak mechanical properties[10,11].The adhesive force of the cement materials mainly from CaO, CaCO3 and CaSiO3, Fe2O3.2H2O, and other week alkaline salt fragments, their cementation is weaker with low water-resistance ability.
SEM analysis Further study loess microstructure changed and its mechanical properties before and after modification, the original loess is show as in fig.2.
The acid modified meanings is test to be greatly changed the loess nature mechanism of easily to deformation and reduced the residual deformation coefficients under loading. 3 Because of the added chemical materials have no toxicity to cause environmental pollution and have no affect to continue farmed.

The key goal of product innovation is function innovation; function is defined as the object’s property which can meet some demand [2].
For example, the combination between TRIZ [7] and function can transform the thinking of product structure into the thinking of function, thus not affected by the existing structures’ bondage, form new design ideas.
Above six innovative solutions, the first strategy improves the safety and convenience of products in the using process effectively; the second strategy effectively used the energy which the flywheel’s rotating makes, incarnates the energy-saving design well; the third strategy makes the rototiller’s speed mechanism more reasonable, but the cost factor can’t be ignored; the fourth strategy harmonizes the relationship between automation degree and the cost of the rototiller; the fifth strategy makes the motor replace the hands, realizes the convenient operation.
Wood: Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 122 (2000), p.359-370 [4] A.

Table 2: Sintering materials apparent density and porosity leve Product ρ [kg/m3 ] Typical porosity [%] roof tile 2200 12 horizontal porous brick 1986 24 chimney block 2025 19 vertical perforated brick 1500 40 Frost Resistance.When the materials have high porosity and generally have a low mechanical strength, however materials with high porosity have a good frost resistance.
Especially trees, lack of air (Microporous coarse particles is insufficient in tree well cushion) what is an important factor to limit growth [5].
Fired brick and tile granular recovery materials have the neutral chemical property, the crushing strength and frost resistance.
Meanwhile, according to the Western Europe literature, mortar component in recycling wall fired brick waste may cause the increase of carbonate content, but it does not affect the collection and flow of water in the filtration bed.

Nemeth,3,d and Osama Jadaan,4,e 1 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ceramics Division, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Latrobe Hall, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218 3 NASA-Glenn Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135 4 College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science, University of Wisconsin, Platteville, WI 53818 a george.quinn@nist.gov, bw.sharpe@jhu.edu, cg.beheim@grc.nasa.gov, d n.n.nemeth@grc.nasa.gov, and eo.jadaan@uwplatt.edu, Keywords: Fractography, tension strength, CVD, silicon carbide, flaws Abstract.
The shape factors for the long surface cracks was Y = 1.99 and for surface semicircular cracks was Y = 1.3.
The orientation of the grain may also be a factor.
The large grains also affected the crack propagation across the fracture surface, causing significant redirection of the cracks and severe roughness as the crack sought out preferred cleavage planes.
[7] Engineering Property Data on Selected Ceramics, Volume 2, Carbides, Metals and Ceramics Information Center, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, MCIC Report-HB-07, Aug. 1979

Therefore, standardization the testing procedure for DSSC is necessary, which can reduce the measurement error due to capacitive effect, and evaluate the relationship between short-circuit current (Isc) and a spectral correction factor (or spectral mismatch factor, MMF).
Broken, cracked, or torn external surfaces, including superstrates, substrates and frames; Bent or misaligned external surfaces, including superstrates, substrates and frames to the extent that the installation and/or operation of the module would be impaired; Voids in, or visible corrosion of any layers of the active circuitry of test sample, extending over more than 10 % of any cell; Bubbles or delamination forming a continuous path between any part of the electrical circuit and the edge of test sample; When the test sample has a loss of mechanical integrity, the installation and operation would be impaired.
The response time, which relies on lighting level and property of dye, is to decrease while increasing level lighting in the forward and to keep constant in the backward.
Because the externally biased potential can affect dye difference caused by the conversion step like capacitance effect of forward/backward under different level lighting.
Characteristics of DSSC in forward and backward sweep by RTOSM (see method B, [7]) Item Pmax Isc Voc Fill Factor (%) Forward (F) 1.4500 2.5248 0.7693 74.6507 Backward (B) 1.4611 2.5382 0.7709 74.6677 F-B 0.0111 0.0134 0.0016 0.0170 F/B 0.9924 0.9947 0.9979 0.9998 Summary Accurate characterization for both I-V curve and quantum efficiency of DSSC further requires consideration on the very slow temporal response of the order of seconds or minutes, and the effect of bias light intensity.

About 17% to 37% of harvested mangoes are damaged by mechanical and physical handling during transportation, and other post-harvest practices.
In this study, there were some fluctuations in colour index value, which might be due to the degradation process affecting the colour pigment distribution on the mangoes.
Fig. 5 Detection of mango ripening stages[22] The most important factor in assessing the storage life and consistency of fruits like mangoes is maturity.
The application of essential oil on unwounded mangoes did not affect their solid soluble content (SSC) and colour index, but it did affect the weight (g) and firmness (g/f) of the mangoes due to loss of water.
Kitthawee, “Firmness Properties of Mangoes,” Int.

Proton conductivity of membranes increased with increasing MgO NPs that will cause higher exposed surface areas fibers and higher hydrophilic properties.
Several researches describe processing, applications and properties of nano materials with electrospun nano-composites [8, 9].
Secondly, Characterization of the prepared membranes, studying their properties, and connecting between these properties with the chemical modification for fuel cells applications.
[15] Shuxiang C., Yalin S , Zhen W., Wenguang Y., and Xiangyu L., Mechanisms, influencing factors, and applications of electro hydrodynamic jet printing, Nanotechnology Reviews, 8, (2021)
[21] Jaroslav H., Synthesis, properties, and selected technical applications of magnesium oxide nano particles, International Journal of Molecular Science, 23, (2021)

Current techniques for removing the cladding can be divided into mechanical and chemical methods.
To investigate the effect of acetone and methanol on the side lighting properties of POF-incorporated PET fabric, both surface morphology and side illumination behavior were studied. 2.
Then, the acetone/methanol etching would not significantly affect practical applications.
The optical coupling effect could be one important factor.
Walt, “Novel flexible light diffuser and irradiation properties for photodynamic therapy”, J.