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In particular it will be shown that the important parameters are the size, density and spatial locations of the Cube fragments for which only extensive EBSD orientation mapping can provide relevant experimental data [6].
In a second experiment a sample of the same alloy was channel-die compressed at room temperature up to a strain of 2.3 (90% thickness reduction).
Moreover, by detailed EBSD experiments it is shown that during cold rolling to large reductions (90%) small micron-sized Cube fragments survive the rolling process, and are often located at the grain boundaries.

A DPB typically results in a large leakage current and an Ohmic type of behavior (see as an example the IV curves in Fig. 3), whereas the influence of SFs under the contact is a gradual reduction of the barrier height with increasing presence of SFs
This could imply two problems while extracting the diode parameters from C-AFM I-V data: The area has to be well known, and the saturation current, which can be extracted from the linear region in the ln(I) vs.
This result demonstrates that improving the crystal quality of the 3C-SiC, with ensuing reductions of the leakage currents, would allow operational large area Schottky diodes in this material.

Effects of Ru on the stress rupture properties of alloys Table.3 showed the data of stress rupture properties under the condition of 1070°C and 137MPa of Alloy 1 and Alloy 2.
The elongation and area reduction of Alloy 2 is also higher than Alloy 1.
Table.3 Stress rupture properties of Ru free Alloy 1 and Ru containing Alloy 2 Temperature °C Stress MPa Rupture time Average time elongation δ% Area reduction Ψ% 47:40 5.68 18.05 Alloy 1 1070 137 61:40 54:40 9.20 22.01 108:25 15.60 27.84 Alloy 2 1070 137 107:55 108:10 17.36 29.86 a b a b The previous research indicated that Ru is a very week positive segregation element [14], and the distribution ratio of Ru in γ/γ' is 0.7, i.e., Ru distributed mainly in γ phase.

Concerning the axisymmetric forward extrusion, the main process parameters that influence the product quality are: the area reduction factor (Ar), the die cone angle (αd), the frictional conditions at the die material interface, the material parameters (hardening, ductility, …) and the working temperature.
Re is the initial radius of the billet, Rs is the final radius of the billet after extrusion; L the initial length of the billet, α is the cone semiangle of the die and Ar=(Re-Rs)/Re) is the radius reduction factor.
Numerical results given by the proposed model seems accurate when compared to some available experimental data.

These lead to the significant decrease in friction effect and a reduction of grinding forces.
It is generally true that the surface finish degrades with the increasing depth of cut, and this agrees with the case for the data in Fig. 5.
In the state of the low wheel speed less than 25 m/s, ultrasonic vibration has an obviously positive effect on the reduction of surface roughness compared with CG, while as the wheel speed is increased to more than 25 m/s, the effect of vibration on surface roughness becomes less.

There are several papers that have predicted the cell performance losses as a result of minority carrier lifetime reduction [16], [6].
Simulations of the cell performance degradation clearly show that the degradation can be explained by the reduction in carrier diffusion length being a consequence of an increase in recombination centers. [6] Recombination reduces both the photocurrent, through the probability of carrier collection, and the voltage, by increasing the dark current. [17] In addition Bothe et al has found equal time decay constants for degradation profiles acquired by VOC measurements and lifetime measurements respectively. [15] An issue regarding the measurement of losses in minority carrier diffusion length by IV-characteristics is, however, the insensitivity to changes in minority carrier diffusion lengths due to high backside recombination velocity.
Corrections of the acquired data are, however, crucial.

Green construction technologies includes the reduction of noise and pollution, clean transportation, conforming to site environment, arranging construction activities in accordance with local climate, saving the consumption of water, electric and material, improve the construction quality, and so on.
Construction waste management takes advantage of opportunities for source reduction, materials reuse, and waste recycling.
We have some difficulties in the establishment of the cost model because of the absence of historical data and methodology.

For face-centered cubic (FCC) metals the SRS usually increases with reduction in grain size while the body-centered cubic (BCC) metals show the opposite trend [1].
Thus, according to the above-described experimental data, we can draw a conclusion that the temperature sensitivity of copper will increase with reduction in grain size.

economic benefit index Marine industry value-added rate Labor productivity of all marine industrial staff Energy benefit index Energy consumption index Energy consumption of unit GDP Energy structure index The proportion of coal consumption to energy consumption The proportion of clean energy (for example, marine energy)consumption to energy consumption Ecological environment benefit index Carbon emission intensity index CO2 emission of unit GDP CO2 emission control index The proportion of CO2 sequestration to the total Carbon sink index Forest coverage rate Social benefit index Urbanization level index The proportion of urban population to the total Fairness index The difference of urban-rural income Regional difference Geordia coefficient Low carbon life index Per capita CO2 emission Per capita energy consumption Low carbon cycling economic characteristics index CO2 recycling index The proportion of CO2 recycling to the total Energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction
The author uses the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to determine the weight of system layer index, and the weight of variable index is determined by average distribution(the variable indexes are changed due to different data collection).
The main reason is that its consumption of unit GDP is higher, which shows that it does not pay much attention to the energy’s reduction, the reuse, the recycling in the process of developing circular economy.

*Hardness value substituted when tensile test data not available ^ Three-lug shear strength (MIL-J-24445A) + Wear volume loss per ASTM G65 (Typical for hard chrome plate is 9 mm3) à Represents a glue failure using ASTM C-633 with a minimum coating strength at the glue adhesive strength a.
When we can repair a part rather than recycle, re-melt, re-process, re-cast, and then finally re-machine a complete new part, then there is a tremendous reduction in environmental impact, which can be positively calculated for each specific part repaired.
The repair would also save around 1 metric ton of CO2 emissions, while producing approximately 90.3 kg of CO2, a 90% reduction in CO2 emissions [@ 0.75 kg CO2 / kWh (epa.gov)].