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It assumes that the protected structure is equipped with sensors that monitor its response and/or loading conditions and with semi-active actuators, that is actuators that modify its local effective mechanical properties (e.g., yield stress).
An important factor is the application mode: multi-use valves (e.g., for landing gears) vs. single-use valves (e.g., for emergency airbags).
Fig. 5 illustrates schematically that the impacting mass and velocity affect the response of the impacted structure in essentially different ways, even at the same impact energies.
Szolc, On the semi-active control method for torsional vibrations in electro-mechanical systems by means of rotary actuators with a magneto-rheological fluid, J Theor Appl Mech 51 (2013) 979-992
Bajer, Damping properties of a beam with vacuum-packed granular damper, J Sound Vib 341 (2015) 74-85

To conclude, for estimating the properties of polymer electrolytes in a battery, the transference numbers of Liions have to be known.
Table 1: Structure and properties of commonly used Li salts for studies on PEs.[39] Li salt Anion Main characteristics Ref.
Table 3: Physical properties of nitrile- and ether-modified disiloxanes.
However, gelled polymer electrolyte systems are popular because they merge the mechanical strength and stability of a polymer host system of choice with the ion solvating and transport properties of a liquid electrolyte, reasonably sacrificing ionic conductivity to improve safety and processability.
Bruce, Factors influencing the conductivity of crystalline polymer electrolytes, Faraday Discuss. 134 (2007) 143–156

Quimby introduced the composite oscillator in primitive form, and made measurements of material properties with it.
One paper distinctly outside the general program was “Piezoelectric properties of bone as functions of moisture content” [33] with Gloria Reinish.
The preface to “Crystal Properties” challenges a classic work, J.
Nowick, Piezoelectric properties of bone as functions of moisture content, Nature 253 (1975) 626-627
Nye, Physical properties of crystals: their representation by tensors and matrices, Oxford University Press, 1957, 1985

Chemical reactions change the physical and chemical properties of cooking oil during this process, including oxidation, polymerization, thermal degradation and hydrolysis.
Pollution of used cooking oil will affect groundwater resources, endanger aquatic resources and threaten human health [2].
Continuously evolving technology has always been a key factor for further improvement in any product or technology currently on the world market.
Bioresource Technology, Elsevier. 246, 110-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.122 [7] Hu, X., Xu, J., Wu, M., Xing, J., Bi, W., Wang, K. et al. (2017) Effects of biomass pre-pyrolysis and pyrolysis temperature on magnetic biochar properties.
Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties dan Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines.

Size reduction affects most of the physical properties (structural, magnetic, optical, dielectric, and thermal, etc.) due to surface effects and quantum size effects.
Strain factors as well as broadening due to the instrument could also contribute to the broadening of the peaks.
Hence, PL spectra are accordingly affected.
Because of these two factors, the TL of small nanoparticles is expected to be more than that of the bulk.
Size reduction affects most of the physical properties (structural, magnetic, optical, dielectric, and thermal, etc.) due to surface effects and quantum size effects.

The mechanical properties for tension were determined on smooth samples 3 mm in diameter using an FP-100 tensile testing machine.
Mechanical properties of the SM steels.
Mechanical properties and reversible deformation eSME in Mn-Si-V-C steels.
Table 4 presents data on the mechanical properties of the steels subjected to a total deformation of 82-92% at 400°C.
Vasechkina, et al., Martensitic transformations during deformation, and mechanical properties of austenitic chromium-manganese steels.

It is shown that heat treatment of MQ GAP powders improves their magnetic hysteresis properties and magnetoplasts made from them.
A number of requirements must be met for such magnetic materials in order to produce products with the required level of consumer properties [1-4].The level of consumer properties of Fe-Nd-B alloy products is determined by their chemical composition and structural and phase state [1, 2, 4].
The last factor (the amount of ternary eutectic) is the most important.
The level of achieved properties for the selected alloy compositions is comparable to similar properties of magnets made from ingots using the same technology.
Zhang, Synthesis and Properties of Al-Ni-La Bulk Metallic Glass, Advanced engineering materials.11 (2009) 530-532

The difference is that in TPIF a partial or a full male die is used whereas in SPIF, no support is used, which affects the geometrical accuracy but increases the flexibility of the process.
To conclude this case study of ‘integrative part production’, mechanical properties (e.g. tensile tests) and surface quality of the final part have been investigated at the EADS research center ‘EADS Innovation Works’.
Fig. 9b shows that the material in the scenarios 5, 6, and 7, where mechanical twinning appeared, reached a higher hardness level.
The DRX mechanism based on discontinuous grain-boundary nucleation (DRX1) of Mg AZ31 sheets was found to be a significant factor in increasing the formability.
The DRX2, as seen in scenario 7, results in a completely different morphology within the microstructure, and consistently different mechanical properties compared with DRX1.

Another critical factor influencing LHTES system performance is the heat transfer fluid (HTF).
It was investigated how fin length, angle, number, and configuration affected the TES unit's efficiency.
Gurunathan, Nano-enhanced phase change materials: A review of thermo-physical properties, applications and challenges.
Radulovic, Effectiveness of thermal properties in thermal energy storage modeling.
Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, 2021. 7: p. 690793

But the numerical simulation is based on the theory and model which has certain assumptions and given parameters, so the calculation results will be directly affected by the selection of material model and parameters, the simplify of influencing factors and so on.
And stability control always simply relies on increasing the safety factor, which makes reliability lack scientific basis.
Due to the differences in rock and soil properties, some of energy would be stored as elastic energy (would be released at certain time), others would be dissipated in unrecoverable form.
Evolution of the system begins to be controlled by the dominant factor after adjustment.
As a result, self-organization function structure would be generated and each factor would tend to be cooperative.