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So, how to prepare unique characteristics of the high activity nanosized Ni powders has aroused great interest of numbers of researchers.
Ni(OH)2 NiO Ni Grain size (nm) 5.7 8.8 24.0 Color green black grey black Table 2 The relation between H2 pressure and yield for catalyst amount 4.13 %, 120℃ and 10 h.

There is a considerable number of works published on the physiology of this group of microorganisms and their role in the anaerobic bioremediation of metals and organic contaminants [2].
The ultrafine-grain magnetite is an extracellular iron compound (Fe2O3.FeO) resistant to bacterial reduction and responsible for the bacterial growth stop [11, 12, 13].

For the multilayer and island structure material, the layer thickness and grain size is extraordinary small.
(1) In the formula, Vk is the excitation energy, A is atomic weight, is density, and Z is atomic number, the depth Zm and the resolution engendered by different signals are showed [3] in Fig.1.

stainless steel AlN, Si, W, and Co Microhardness, wear ---------- Results revealed better wear resistance and hardness than naked AISI 410. 31 Pure Ti Pure-Al Microstructure, hardness, corrosion Welding current, shielding gas The corrosive nature of the coating was significantly decreased as compared with the base metal.Av. hardness values achieved was 450 HV. 32 AISI 304 TiC and Ni Microhardness Wear resistance Current= 40-80A, speed= 5.3-6.5mm/s Enhancement in mechanical and tribological properties of the cladding w.r.t. the substrate. 33 AISI 304 TiC-Inconel825 Wear resistance, microhardness ---------- The microhardness value and the sliding abrasive wear were significantly reduced as compared to the substrate.The micro-hardness value achieved was 1100 HV. 34 AISI 4340 Multi-pass TIG arcing Microstructure; hardness Current= 80-140A, heat input= 0.30-0.60kJ/mm Surface hardness can be improved by the multi-pass arcing process 35 SS304 Ni-201 Microstructure, hardness, wear ---------- The number
of cladding layers affects the hardness of cladding layers. 36 X65 steel Inconel 625 Dilution rate, microstructure, Current= 170- 250 A Results revealed a superb metallurgical bond between Inconel 625and X65 steel with a minimum dilution rate. 37 Carbon steel Fe49Cr18Mo7B16C4Nb6 Microstructure, phase distribution, hardness, and wear Number of layers deposited, current, and travel speed Cracks free excellent metallurgical bonded multilayer was obtained and found the direct relationship between a number of coating layers with hardness and wear resistance. 38 Inconel 738 Ni base Inconel 625 Microstructure ---------- Research revealed effective adhesion between the substrate and the clad layer with improved microstructure. 39 ASTM A105 steel Stellite 6/TiC composite Microstructure, wear resistance, microhardness ---------- Successful cladding on carbon steel A105 substrate with stellite 6/TiC. 40 Ti-6Al-4V In-situ TiC-TiB2 Microstructure Current, coating content The research revealed that
speed and current. 41 Ti-6Al-4V NiTi Microstructure, wear, hardness Current= 40–70A The findings revealed that the wear & hardness characteristics of the clad layer depend on the welding current.The hardness value achieved was 700 HV. 42 Al-Mg alloy Al and B4C powders Microstructure, formed phases, hardness, wear Voltage, welding current, travel speed, heat input The experimental results revealed the optimized values of voltage, current, travel speed, and heat input as 15V, 70A, 140 mm/min, and 2.16 kJ/cm respectively. 43 Ti-6Al-4V In-situ TiC-TiB2 Micro-hardness; wear; CoF ---------- Results exhibited that cladding got 4-times greater hardness and 3-times higher wear resistance when compared with the base metal. 44 HHA plates ER308 austenitic Microstructure, hardness ---------- Results showed significant improvement in the hardness and microstructure of the coating. 45 pure Ti In-situ Al/Ti5Si3eAl3Ti Microstructure, micro-hardness, residual stresses Rate of filler injection, passes number
The microstructural analysis includes the study of the geometries of the grain structure, compositions of the clad, HAZ grain orientation to estimate its effects on tribological and mechanical properties.

Table 1 Numbers of NBR sample blocks Rubber type Numbers graphite content% Shaw hardness(A) N41 #1 17.5 70 #2 29.2 90 The results and discussion Friction and Wear Performance under the Dry Sliding.Fig.1, Fig.2 show the variation of wear loss and friction coefficient with graphite content at various loads as 50N, 100N, 150 N , 175N, 200 N, 225 N under dry sliding Wear loss (mg) Load (N) Load (N) frictional coefficient Fig.1 Variation of wear loss of NBR with Graphite content at various loads under dry sliding Fig.2 Variation of frictional coefficient of NBR with Graphite content at various loads under dry sliding Fig. 1 shows that wear loss of #1 is sharply increased with the increase of load.
From the micro perspective, the rubber can be regarded as an object which has been distributed by a large number of micro convex on the surface.
From fig.7 friction coefficient changing with time can be seen: friction coefficient value is basic stable in the whole experiment process, which indicates that under the condition of water lubricated rubber wear mechanism is single abrasive grain wear and tear.

This process allows generating high-quality oxide coatings of different thicknesses, which can be adjusted the minimum process parameters number: the process temperature and the exposure time.
At oxidation temperature of 600 °C the physical properties of metallic materials are disturbed: the average grain size of titanium VT 1-0 (grade 1) dramatically increases from 1.4 μm to 15 μm; titanium nikelid TiNi is embrittled, oxidation of titanium and stainless steel 12X18H10T (AISI 321) increases due to increased uptake of oxygen O2 and intermetallic thermodynamic stability of intermetallic compound FeNi and oxide Fe2O3 reduces, which is accompanied with intense decline of mechanical strength level of the metal surface oxide.
The latter is associated with increase of the polar groups’ number, the electric charges and free radicals appearing in the surface when the CaP coating is sputtering by RFMS in an atmosphere of two working gases owing to the charge number of broken chemical bonds.

Using heterogeneous cloud service model can realize the server resources such as CPU/memory of fine-grained dynamic allocation, will improve overall efficiency of resources by 20%-30%the above current levels.
(1) Heterogeneous resource integration management There are a large number of heterogeneous smart grid business application type and systems, with different manufacturers, different types of host, storage, network equipment.By heterogeneous cloud service model can realize the integration of heterogeneous devices management, through a unified interface to manage different equipment, through a unified resource management process to achieve different resources application, reduce the number of heterogeneous system maintenance workload, reduce operational and maintenance costs
(3) Resources dynamic scheduling Heterogeneous cloud service platform based on the number of servers and storage devices, compose storage resources pool of computing resources pool.

More building storey numbers and higher Plot Ratio in the design of the residential area do not demonstrate the concept of “Compact City” effectively in the present land using pattern and traffic pattern.
The traffic flow of a former main road is scattered by certain number of smaller lanes.
Streets are best to carry these connecting points, for example, close-grained city structure is adopted in the lanes of Shanghai.
On the other hand, the energy of streets comes from a certain number of people flow, the “transparent” passageways can be set along various kinds of business, service facilities, greens and the edges of streets.

To prevent the chloride permeation into concrete, there is an increase in the trend of using the fine grained material in concrete.
Number of researchers has used MK as cement replacing material or as an additive in concrete to identify its effect on concrete mechanical and durability properties.
Number of authors has been working since the concept of addition Fly Ash in concrete has arisen.
Presence of FA, number of small diameter pore increases in a cement matrix.

A characteristic section was chosen so as to have there the maximal number of isolated clusters not touching the image boundary.
The number of particles m added to a radical in the course of its average lifetime tp is M = k1ntp
It is easy to show that in case the condition Еd = аЕ is met (Еd – activation energy of surface diffusion of molecular fragments; a – proportionality factor), as it does for a number of the adatomsubstrate systems, the threshold value of the adsorption energy will be
Gyngazov, Grain-boundary diffusion of oxygen in polycrystalline ferrites, Russian Physics Journal 42(5) (1999) 490-495, doi: 10.1007/BF02508222