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., the Soret effect, approximately accounts for 0.05% of the overall moisture transport at normal conditions to which building structures are exposed (see Krus [6].
Freitas et al. [30] described three kinds of continuity between layers: “Hydraulic continuity” when there is an interpenetration of both layer’s porous structure; “Natural contact” when there is a contact without interpenetration and “Air space between layers” when there is an air box of a few millimetres wide between the layer’s porous structure (see Figure 1b).
Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 5th edition.
Composite structures, 6 (1986), p. 123
Porous media: Fluid transport and pore structure.

In order to test the electrochemical sensing characteristics of the composite, it is necessary to prepare the composite into a sensing electrode structure.
In order to further analyze the morphology and structure of the synthesized NiCo2O4@rGO, the composite is characterized by TEM.
Characterization results show that NiCo2O4 nanosheets are grown on the rGO forming a network structure.
Compared with NiCo2O4 aggregate, this network structure can make the NiCo2O4@rGO provide more active sites for the electrochemical reaction, then promote the sensing properties.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B.2017; 5:5549-5555

The sample calcined at 300 oC shows a fiber structure with diameter of 100~300 µm (Fig. 1b).
In addition, the cross-section morphology of the calcined fibers shows hierarchical structures with numerous porous holes distributed well along the fiber in width and length dimensions (Fig. 1d).
The XRD test was carried out to determine the crystal structure of the silica fiber at 600 oC.
The typical broad diffraction peak (2=22.8) indicated the silica fiber with amorphous structure [27].
Therefore, the slow calcinations of the rice straw undergo a step-by-step thermal decomposition, which makes it fully take advantage of the organism fibril structures as the templates to form the silica fibers.

Acetylation of alkali lignin To get a visible signal of alkali lignin hydroxyl structure in 1H-NMR experiment, the hydroxyl on lignin sample was acetylated.
BAL structure and liquefaction products were analyzed by 1H-NMR and HLPC.
The structural changes were discussed and structure variation law of BAL during liquefaction was proposed.
Phenols from FeS catalytic liquefaction by HPLC Mechanism of action of catalysts on liquefaction Fig.3 was 1H-NMR of BAL structure.
[5] Chen F G, Tu B and Lu Z M, “Analysis on constituents of liquefied products from wheat straw,” Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, vol. 23, Jan. 2003, pp. 78-82

Self-ordering of Cell Arrangement of Porous Anodic Alumina Xu-Fei Zhua, Ai-Jun Hanb, Ye Songc, Peng Liud, Qiu-Mei Yee and Jun-Jun Huf Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China azhuxufei.njust@gmail.com, bgjchaoxi@yahoo.com.cn, csoong_ye@sohu.com, dliupeng1301@163.com, eyeqiumei123@yahoo.com.cn, fhjj1987@126.com Keywords: porous anodic alumina, self-ordering, electronic current, oxygen evolution Abstract.
(c) The pores deepen downward by FAD manner and the Al3+ ions eject to the electrolyte at the pore bottom (d) Monolithic porous structure results from FAD model.
According to the FAD model, the pores deepen by means of the downward digging manner, porous structure should be an entire layer (shown in Fig.  1d).
The cylindrical cells can only form a densely-packed structure with interstitial rods.
Because of mechanical stress and plastic deformation [24], the cylindrical cells structure must transform into the densely-packed hexagonal cells structure without visible interstices at the border of the cells (as shown in the right of Fig.  3f and the SEM of Fig.  2).

The surface chemistry analysis was analysed by Fourier Transmittance Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument (Perkin Elmer Spectrum 65) using the KBr pellet technique.
After reduction at 1550°C, it is noticeable that the structure of iron ore changed with the addition of different carbon reductants.
The main structure exhibits in the SEM micrograph are wustite (FeO) and metallic iron (Fe).
The presence of wustite can be observed from the finger-like structure shown in Fig. 3(c) and Fig. 3(d).
The porous structure of biochar sample leads to a rapid diffusion and leads to an efficient iron ore reduction by reducing gases.

DAIb Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources，State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education，Yunnan University of Nationalities, Kunming 650031, PR China aemail: zhaojishou@163.com, bdjh6668@sohu.com Keywords: Platinum group metals; pressure cyanidation; dissolution; metal platinum powder Abstracts: A research study has been undertaken to develop the fundamentals of a method for the direct dissolution of metal platinum.
Results and discussion 3.1 tetra-coordinated platinum-cyanide dianions,Pt(CN) 42- The tetracynoplatinate, Pt(CN) 42- forms interesting one-dimensional ladder structures.
The geometry structures have been determined to be square-planar for Pt(CN) 42-, as expected from crystal field theory.
The combined experimental and computational data provide direct insight into the electronic structure of these complexes.
During dissolution, atoms may leave the crystal structure and enter the electrolyte along various pathways: (d)→(a); (d) →(c) →(a), or(d) →(c) →(b) →(a).The slow kinetics observed for platinum dissolution and its response to activation suggests similar processes may be rate limiting.

Alloying with chromium gives cast iron high resistance to abrasion due to the presence of a carbide component in the structure, as well as corrosion resistance.
The structure of white cast irons with the high content of chrome consists of the separated trigonal carbides (Cr, Fe) 7C3 therefore cast irons of this kind have considerably larger viscosity than low-alloyed with carbides (Cr, Fe) 3C, forming the continuous carbide phase.
Structure of the made form pieces from ICHH28N2 cast iron: a - structure of form piece in a cast state, b - structure of the form piece subjected to a heat treatment.
Mamykin, Engineering chemistry of refractories, Internet Engineering, Moscow, 2007

In terms of fatigue life prediction of rubber components, Kim et al [4] carried out fatigue life research on an engine mount with relatively simple structure, and established a power-formed formulation for fatigue life prediction with the maximum green Lagrange strain served as the independent variable.
Moreover, the deformation of rubber components with complex structure in an actual working condition is very complicated.
To close the gap, a refined fatigue cumulative damage predictor suitable for rubber components with complex structures is proposed in this paper to predict their fatigue life with improved accuracy [11].
Prediction and Analysis of Fatigue Potential Life of Rubber Components Rear Mount Structure of an Engine.
Rubber Chemistry and technology, 1994, (67): 481-503

Calcined Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide adsorbent for acid red G dye removal Liqun Sun* and Zhiquan Ren College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing, 163712, China sunlq2013@126.com Keywords: Layered double hydroxide; Co-precipitation; Adsorption; Acid red G.
Layered double hydroxides often called hydrotalcite-like compounds, consist of the brucite [Mg(OH)2] type octahedral layers structure.
When heated to 300-600 °C, some kinds of LDH can be converted into mixed metal oxides, and the obtained calcined products could restore the original layered structure in a solution containing intercalation anions.
The structure of acid red G Preparation of LDH and CLDH.
It was demonstrated that the high adsorption efficiency of the CLDH for ARG dye was mainly attributed to the large specific surface areas and reconstruction of its original layered structure with the memory effect of the LDH materials.