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Further increase in the europium content causes a slight decrease in the anatase-to-rutile phase transition temperature due to increased number of defects inside the anatase phase.
The doped metal ions having the ionic radii similar to that of Ti4+ (0.75 Å) for a coordination number of 6, can likely to be incorporated into the TiO2 structure substituting the Ti4+ in lattice [59].
The effect of Nb and Ag ions in the TiO2 nanostructure on the transformation of anatase to rutile phase and grain growth was compared [62].
The grain growth in niobium doped titanium dioxide was lesser than pure titanium dioxide at above 500 °C.
It was found that the Ag dopant promotes the TiO2 anatase to rutile transformation due to an increase of oxygen vacancies at the surface of anatase grains.

These modifications in mechanical properties can be explained in the terms of an increase of the dislocation motion in the grain boundary.
N is the total number of impurity atoms in the impurity-doped system.
For the lth and mth atoms, it is derived as , (3) where Nn is the occupation number for molecular orbital , , and is the Hamiltonian matrix element connecting the atomic orbital β of atom m and the atomic orbital α of atom l.
Table 3 lists the electron occupation numbers in the valence orbitals of impurity and its neighboring host atoms in the doping dislocation system calculated by a Mülliken population analysis [36].
The electron occupation numbers of corresponding atoms in the clean dislocation system are also listed for comparison.

The final message received from server is presented in fig 11 Fig. 11 Server acknoledge message Historical data Pachube server querying module The structure of a query message for Pachube server history extraction is as fig. 12: Fig. 12 Pachube server historical data querying message Where 1. is server address, 2. is data field identification number 3. data set (a data field can have several data sets that are, identified by numbers 0, 1, 2 etc.) and format the information required on the server: Csv Html or json, 4. is history interval retrieval starting date, 5. is last date for the history retrieval interval, 6. is the interval between two consecutive records and 7.
The user interface allows to the user to directly enter the passkey from keyboard, to introduce the identification number of data field and it assists the user in choosing the time to read history and delta T between two consecutive readings called.
Limitations related to the delta T between two consecutive points extracted from the database server required by Pachube server are shown in Table T2.[7] Table T2 Pachube server history query limitation Value Description Maximum range in one query 0 Every snapshot stored 6 hours 30 30 second interval data 12 hours 60 One snapshot every minute 24 hours 300 One snapshot every 5 minutes 5 days 900 One snapshot every 15 minutes 14 days 3600 One snapshot per hour 31 days 10800 One snapshot per three hours 90 days 21600 One snapshot per six hours 180 days 43200 One snapshot per twelve hours 1 year 86400 One snapshot per day 1 year To implement this restriction table were used for constructing a series of "Case" structures fig. 13 filters in series in order to use the reverse principle of decreasing grain size.
The message contain information about the type of alarm, the starting time of alarm, the building address and the estimated number of persons at the address on the alarm triggering moment.
The first step on alarm mode is to send one SMS alarm message to the owner sending the alarm code time and number of unauthorized persons that entered in the monitories area.

The number of vacancies - free volumes N ivac (see Eq. 7) can survive due to quenching to room temperatures.
The grain boundaries and dislocations are the source of the phonon-defect collisions.
The "bridge effect", where water in capillaries simply connects the isolated sides of grains, improves heat transport properties [53].
A constant value of the specific heat was obtained that corresponded to the fixed number for frozen to not frozen pore contents.
Shift of the thermal conductivity/diffusivity to lower values is caused by additional phonon scattering on the grain boundaries.

The disorder structure of the nanoparticles film leads to enhanced scattering of free electrons, thus reducing electron mobility and causing electron recombination especially at the grain boundaries between the nanoparticles [8].
This greatly reduces the electron recombination losses of the photogenerated charge-carriers due to the fewer grain boundaries in charge transportation process.
The measured NW number density for upstanding LG NW (109/cm2) could be increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude (1010-11/cm2 ) by branched NW growth.
If the results are extrapolated to the number of photons incident in the absorbing range of the dye under AM 1.5 illumination, the ratio becomes ~64 or about 18 times that seen with the nanoparticle electrode geometry.

It is the nucleation and intensive growth of the number and size of cracking defects in normal operation can lead to leakage from the primary circuit to the secondary.
It is expected that by varying the temperature and time parameters of the process of laser welding of stainless steel plugs, a fine-grained weld structure will be obtained, which will provide similar to the corrosion resistance, strength and ductility characteristics of base metal that is stainless steel of other chemical composition.
Grain score in HAZ welded joint is equal 6.
The lowest value of the total number of pore projections 0.0014% was recorded when defocusing was −1 mm, which is almost 1.5 times less compared to welding with similar parameters for speed and laser power, but with a defocusing value of +2 mm (Figure 4).

The principle of hardness measurement dynamic-the ratio of the rate of fall and rebound of the drummer, the device is converted into the number of hardness scale selected by the user.
When dispersing, the chemical potential of microparticles increases, their chemical activity increases significantly, since, firstly, the total number of active centers, valence vacancies and defects increases; secondly, the solubility of insoluble mineral rocks increases.
When introduced into the cement systems of microfillers, the smallest grains (colloidal sizes), which become crystallization centers in the contact zone of the cement stone, there is an increase in the strength of various binders.
This is due to the selective reactivity of carbon sorbents to volatile components of bitumen, the presence of a large number of pores, ordering and strength of bonds arising from the interaction of volatile components of bitumen and carbon-mineral sorbents [2].
Extensibility, characterizing the elasticity of bitumen, as can be seen from the table. 3 and figure 2, with the introduction of all additives is significantly reduced, indicating the need for their activation and limiting the number of additives.

This is none other than the rising trend in the number of Muslim tourists globally, as evidenced by [2].
To determine the polarity of a product review, [57] proposed counting the number of positive and negative words in the review.
They discovered that traditional classifiers often failed to take into account target-specific information, resulting in a high number of classification errors.
PF-CNN uses a parameterized gate to control the number of general features that should pass to the final classification.
Yan, “Customer preference identification from hotel online reviews: A neural network based fine-grained sentiment analysis,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 172, p. 108648, 2022

A large number of heavy metals had gone into tailings for limited mining recovery 4】.
Therefore, the water sources and soil are contaminated in different degree by tailings, slag and waste water produced by non-ferrous mineral exploration, and the output of plants, grain crops and other farm crops grown there is obviously decreased and has different level of quality problems.
Results and Analysis Investigation and Analysis for As Contamination in Soil Arsenic Content in Raw Ore： Table 1 As Content in ores of 1800 mine section of Gejiu Kafang Mining Area (mg·kg-1) Numbering J18-10 J18-11 J18-12 J18-13 J18-14 J18-15 J18-16 As 9544.9 141.5 3095.1 6469.1 78.2 40.4 8107.3 Arsenic minerals in Gejiu Kafang mining area are mostly arsenopyrite and gersdorffite, while in oxidized ores are conichalcite, scorodite, duftite and arsenic-lead-vanadium ore.
Table 3 As Content in Soil Nearby Gejiu Kafang Tailing Pond (mg·kg-1) Numbering TH-018 TH-019 TH-020 TH-031 TH-032 TH-031 TH-032 As 316 235 4565 3646 4825 3555 3579 Arsenic Pollution in Plant High content of heavy mental element in soil is threat for plant as the influence on its growth, development and breeding.
Table 5 Trace Elements in Tailing Pond Water of Gejiu Area (μg/L) Serial Number Sample No.

Number of Nuclei.
(6) Here No is the number of potential sites for nucleation, ao is an atomic spacing, G* is the Gibbs energy barrier to nucleation, k is Boltzman's constant, N is Avogadro's number, T is the temperature, α is a constant relating ∆Hm to the matrix/nucleus interfacial energy, f(θ) = (2-3cosθ+cos3 θ)/4, where θ is the effective wetting angle, and ∆Hm , ∆Gm , are the enthalpy and molar Gibbs energy driving force of transformation respectively.
For the CCT diagram calculation, the transformation is approximated by the summation of a number of isothermally steps, following the Scheil additivity rule.
The site saturation condition is assessed at each temperature step by calculating the nucleation site number, which is the product of the nucleation rate at temperature Ti and time 0 it .
For the present, the precipitation of each phase is assumed to occur in the absence of other competing phases; work is in progress to extend this treatment to include the re-solution of prior precipitates of higher metastability as well as including grain-size as an additional variable.