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Excessive heat input can result in low cooling rates, ferrite grain coarsening, and increased susceptibility to σ-phase precipitation in the heat-affected zone.
The values of the convection heat transfer coefficient for the zones of the welded sheets cooled by air were calculated with the dependence on the surface temperature using the correlation (Eq. 5): (5) where is the Nusselt number,is the Rayleigh number, L [m] denotes the characteristic length (L = 0.025 m), λg is the thermal conductivity [W.m-1.K-1], αv [K-1] is the thermal expansion coefficient, ν [m2.s-1] is the kinematic viscosity, a [m2.s-1] is the thermal diffusivity of the air and ΔT [°C, K] corresponds to the temperature difference between the surface temperature of welded sheets and the surrounding temperature.
Parameters C and n are dependent on the value of Rayleigh number: C = 1.18 and n = 1/8 for 10-3 < Ry ≤ 500, C = 0.54 and n = 1/4 for 500 < Ry ≤ 2×107 and C = 0.135 and n = 1/3 for 2×107 < Ry ≤ 1×1013 [10].

What’s more, the smart shelves scan the placing of goods on the shelves, when it detected someone stealing, or the number of inventory downed to a certain low level, the clerk attention would be called through the computer.
Warehouse management system based on electronic tags using EPC numbers as the unique identification code of the product.
In general, storage list has following structure: storage list (product EPC code, product name, manufacturer, product category name, unit, date of manufacture, the validity of storage time, product descriptions), in this structure, the product EPC numbers and the storage time of products are automatically identified by the storage readers, the other product information can be obtained by visiting PML server according to the EPC code, what's more, the entire warehousing list are automatically generated.
In addition, a company explored installing aware electronic tags on the maillots, and formed networks to keep intelligent management, what’s more, applied the maillots intelligent network to express field; DangDang is exploring the convergence of logistics center and e-commerce network in its new logistics center in Wuxi, to develop combined mode between intelligent logistics and e-commerce; the new grain logistics center in Wuxi is also exploring combination of various sensing technology with food storage and distribution, to get the real-time information about the food temperature, humidity, inventory, distribution and so on, to build an intelligent logistics system of food distribution and quality testing management.

Compound[wt%] Portland Cement CEMΙ42.5N(OPC) Nano-silica (nS) Nano-alumina (nAl) SiO2 25.84 98.20 0.02 SO3 1.24 -  - Al2O3 5.67 0.08 99.70 Fe2O3 3.23 0.02 0.02 CaO 59.19 0.04  - MgO 1.53 0.01  - Na2O 0.84 0.05 0.08 K2O 0.89 0.02  - Free lime 2.52 -  - Fire losses 2.81 1.58  - Grain size 90% <8μm 14nm <160nm These efforts have been very successful, as nanoparticles, such as nano-ZnO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and of course nano-silica have been observed to produce a significant increase in the mechanical strength, crack resistance and durability of the resulting concrete.
The absence of well-crystallized portlandite and the small number of pores (Figure 7) confirmed that the addition of nanoparticles improved the microstructure and increased the production of CSH gel, resulting to higher stiffness and a lower Ca/Si ratio.
Thermal analysis techniques were applied from 25°C (room temperature) to 1000°C at a rate of 10°C/min to a small number of indicative samples.
Transportation Research Board of the National Academies Number E-C170

The decrease in spin-coating speeds resulted in higher packing number density and surface coverage of both the Pt nanoparticles and polymer solution.
The first mechanism involves the heat-activated tunneling of carriers between conductive grains (Pt NPs and PEDOT) as well as the enhanced crystallinity because of thermal annealing, both of these factors increase the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS polymer.
Talib, The effect of spin coating rate on the microstructure, grain size, surface roughness and thickness of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film prepared by the sol-gel process., Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 25, No. 3, (2007) 657-662

The reduced peak feature is due to the goethite NPs being more crystalline and with more well-defined structure than hematite, where the grain size of the goethite NPs exceed that of hematite NPs.
All of these hematite and HeCell composites likely contain macropores and/or have extensive adsorption at the interface of the powder grains, as evidenced by the continuous isotherm uptake of nitrogen at relative pressures near unity.
LDW acknowledges the support provided by the support by the Government of Canada through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant Number: RGPIN 2016-06197).

During the war, Ukraine faced another huge problem: a large number of enterprises simply relocated.
As can be seen from the photo, the structure of the layer is fine-grained.
Thus, the optimal anodizing time is 60 minutes, while an oxide layer is formed, which has a fine-grained structure with a globular structure.

Regardless of the method, important factors affecting the electrochromic activity are porosity, grain size, and hydration level [1,3].
That is, during the first cycle the voltammograms showed small current values which continuously evolve with the increasing number of cycles up to about 80 cycles.
Furthermore, the shift of the redox potential of the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH couple to higher values with increasing cycles number, implies the a®b transformation of Ni(OH)2 in the bleached state and correspondingly the b-NiOOH®g-NiOOH transformation in the colored film.
The number of cycles is indicated for the bleached state.

Among the materials available were a limited number of metals in fundamental metallurgical forms, and a few polymers and ceramics [1].
Specimen S3 showed a steady increasing trend from the first 24 h until after 144 h when steep increase was recorded to about -0.00005 mm/y at around 168 h, reduction was recorded after a number of hours until about 216 h when slight increase was recorded and continued until the duration of the test procedures.
Fig. 6(b) shows the same material corroded by 0.00625 M H2SO4, also showing corrosion along the grain lines of the aluminium lattice.
The as cast specimen S4 (Fig. 7) shows a more uniform distribution of the reinforcement in the lattice, while the Fig. 8(a) shows the specimen after corrosion in the NaCl medium, the sediment formation is reduced in this specimen as smaller number of white spots of Na2O are seen.

Perdisci[9] proposed a fine-grained clustering model for HTTP based malwares.
Moreover, the number of attributes to check is usually quite big (hundreds of thousands) which results in huge performance slowdown.
We can first count the number of DLLs in a program’s private memory space and then compare it with the number of all the processes in process space.

Ten grams of fine-grained ore were mixed with 10 mL inoculums and 90 mL basal medium in 200 mL conical flasks.
As shown in Fig. 4, microorganisms in both the ores and leachate were inhibited by elevated temperature in general except for Ferroplasma, e.g. the cell numbers of Acidithiobacillus groups decreased from 6.12 (log 1.4 x 106/L) at 30oC to 5.7 (log 5.03 x 105 /L) at 60oC in the leachate, from 7.24 (log 1.75 x 107 /g) at 30 oC to 6.4 (log 2.46 x 106 /g) at 60oC attached to the ore after 247 d, respectively.
It was observed the cell number of Acidithiobacillus decreased from 7.8 (log 5.97 x 107 /g) at the beginning of bio-oxidation to 6.4 (log 2.46 x 106 /g) at the end of leaching, and the predominance of Acidithiobacillus was shifted to Ferroplasma occupying 92.2% after 240 ds at 60oC in the ore (Fig. 4b).
Logarithm of cell numbers was used as Y-axis to compare different species status in leachate and associated ore.