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Online since: December 2015
Authors: Oluwaseun Taiwo, Kelani Bello, Ismaila Mohammed, Olalekan Olafuyi
Surfactant
Sodium Dodecyl sulphate (SDS or NaDS) or sodium laurel sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na, Molar mass of 288.372 g/mol, Density of 1.01 g/cm³, Melting point 206 °C, 479 K, 403 °F, Refractive index (nD) 1.461.
Figure 1, shows the experimental set up.
The cores were flooded with 1.5PV of brine to experience a water cut of about 90%.
Sw*=sw-swc/(1-sw) (1) Krw=√Sw*Sw3 (2) Kro=1-Sw*[1-Sw*0.25sw]½ (3) It can be noted from the relative permeability curves that the nonwetting phase (oil) loses its mobility at higher values of water saturation.
Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development Vol. 2, No. 1, (2011), pp. 13-18 [26].
Figure 1, shows the experimental set up.
The cores were flooded with 1.5PV of brine to experience a water cut of about 90%.
Sw*=sw-swc/(1-sw) (1) Krw=√Sw*Sw3 (2) Kro=1-Sw*[1-Sw*0.25sw]½ (3) It can be noted from the relative permeability curves that the nonwetting phase (oil) loses its mobility at higher values of water saturation.
Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development Vol. 2, No. 1, (2011), pp. 13-18 [26].
Online since: April 2021
Authors: R. Sundara Rao, Ch.R. Vikram Kumar, K. Hemachandra Reddy
The Finite element simulation results of both coated and uncoated valves are presented and analyzed in this paper.
1.
Based on the SEM of the failed engine valves and new engine valves, the following observations were made; 1.
The results that were observed in the chemical (EDS) analysis images of failed engine valves and new engine valves are 1.
The coatings are represented on the abscissa from 1 to 9, which are Uncoated SUH11 valve (1), Coated TiC (2), Coated TiN (3), Coated TiCN (4), Coated TiAlN (5), Coated TiC/Al2O3(6), Coated TiN/Al2O3(7), DLC(8) coating respectively.
References [1] S.P., Herman, R, and Buuck, B (2006) Stress Analysis of an Automotive Pang, M.
Based on the SEM of the failed engine valves and new engine valves, the following observations were made; 1.
The results that were observed in the chemical (EDS) analysis images of failed engine valves and new engine valves are 1.
The coatings are represented on the abscissa from 1 to 9, which are Uncoated SUH11 valve (1), Coated TiC (2), Coated TiN (3), Coated TiCN (4), Coated TiAlN (5), Coated TiC/Al2O3(6), Coated TiN/Al2O3(7), DLC(8) coating respectively.
References [1] S.P., Herman, R, and Buuck, B (2006) Stress Analysis of an Automotive Pang, M.
Online since: September 2024
Authors: Manh Tuan Nguyen, Thi My Chinh Do
Table 1.
Fig. 1 Flow chart for mix design.
Type 1 was 6.5% Sika Latex and 0.45 water-to-cement ratio.
The mixture followed Viet Nam standard TCVN 13567-1:2022 [32].
[32] TCVN 13567-1:2022,"Hot mix Asphalt pavement layer-Construction and Acceptance: Part 1-Dense-Graded asphalt concrete".
Fig. 1 Flow chart for mix design.
Type 1 was 6.5% Sika Latex and 0.45 water-to-cement ratio.
The mixture followed Viet Nam standard TCVN 13567-1:2022 [32].
[32] TCVN 13567-1:2022,"Hot mix Asphalt pavement layer-Construction and Acceptance: Part 1-Dense-Graded asphalt concrete".
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Zhen Qi Chang, Qun Ying Huang, Liu Si Sheng, Xiang Li, Ya Ting Yang, Cao Fei Fu, Christophe C. Serra
Due to the high radioactivity of Pu, Ce was used as a surrogate of Pu for the researches because of their physico-chemical similarity[1].
Then the microspheres were kept in a mixture of ammonia solution and water with the volume ratio of 1:1 to complete the gelation process.
Fig. 6(a-d)1 and Fig. 6(a-d)3 are the surface morphology of CeO2 beads, while Fig. 6(a-d)2 and Fig. 6(a-d)4 are the cross section morphology.
References [1] M.
Lee, Photocatalytic effect of the sol-gel derived nanoporous TiO2 transparent thin films, Thin Solid Films. 479 (2005) 310-315
Then the microspheres were kept in a mixture of ammonia solution and water with the volume ratio of 1:1 to complete the gelation process.
Fig. 6(a-d)1 and Fig. 6(a-d)3 are the surface morphology of CeO2 beads, while Fig. 6(a-d)2 and Fig. 6(a-d)4 are the cross section morphology.
References [1] M.
Lee, Photocatalytic effect of the sol-gel derived nanoporous TiO2 transparent thin films, Thin Solid Films. 479 (2005) 310-315
Online since: March 2016
Authors: Oleg B. Vitrik, Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak, Y.N. Kulchin
Localized plasmon resonances in gold and silver microcones fabricated using single-pulse femtosecond nanoprocessing
Kuchmizhak A.A.1,2,a, Vitrik O.B.1,2,b and Kulchin Yu.N.2,c
1 School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
2Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
aalex.iacp.dvo@mail.ru
boleg_vitrik@mail.ru
ckulchin@dvo.ru
Keywords: Localized plasmon resonances, nanostructures, laser material processing, microcones, noble metal films, photoluminescence enhancement.
Fig.1.
Figures 1(i-l) demonstrate the series of AFM images of the same microcones previously depicted in Fig. 1(a-d).
References and notes [1] J.A.
A, 106 (2012) 479-487
Fig.1.
Figures 1(i-l) demonstrate the series of AFM images of the same microcones previously depicted in Fig. 1(a-d).
References and notes [1] J.A.
A, 106 (2012) 479-487
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Xin Nie, Li Bo Chen, Hua Chen Pan, Ding Guo Yang, Lin Xiang Ding
Fig. 1.
The properties of the liquid are showed in table 1.
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 156(2): 479-486 [17] Pedro F.
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010:55(1):107-115
Catalysis Today, 2011: 175(1): 322-327
The properties of the liquid are showed in table 1.
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 156(2): 479-486 [17] Pedro F.
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010:55(1):107-115
Catalysis Today, 2011: 175(1): 322-327
Online since: May 2021
Authors: Wan Qiu Ding
Over the past twenty years, the temperature capability of the aforementioned turbines has increased exponentially [1].
In Fig. 1, it can be observed that the temperature advantages are reported for stress rupture tests completed at 982°C and 248 MPa.
Figure 1.
References [1] Wedge Central South Research Institute.
In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Superalloys. 1996, pp. 471–479
In Fig. 1, it can be observed that the temperature advantages are reported for stress rupture tests completed at 982°C and 248 MPa.
Figure 1.
References [1] Wedge Central South Research Institute.
In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Superalloys. 1996, pp. 471–479
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Ming Zhang, Ting Ting Zhang, Song Chen Han
Fig.1 An airway network
Based on the above empirical foundation, it will establish a bi-level plan model.
In view of Figure 1 above, it can be seen that the initial network G=(N,A),N=(R,1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10,S); where A can be obtained from the initial connectivity matrix δij as follows.
The input variables involved by the model are defined as follows, i.e.: δij, the initial connectivity matrix of airway network; Bij, the flight cost matrix between airway node pairs; Cij, the capacity matrix between airway node pairs; wij, the matrix for work load of controller between airway node pairs; tij0, the zero airplane flow flight time between airway node pairs. 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ijδ = 0 15 20 10 25 8 22 11 24 14 24 30 0 0 12 9 19 12 20 14 21 16 22 28 0 0 0 0 9 0 13 0 14 0 16 16 0 9 13 0 12 6 14 8 16 15 19 27 0 0 9 0 0 0 5 0 7 0 17 9 0 12 14 6 13 0 13 5 15 8 18 25 0 0 13 0 5 0 0 0 4
Fig. 2 Schematic Diagram for variance of mean value of iterative population based on the genetic algorithm Fig. 3 Schematic Diagram for variance of iterative solution based on the genetic algorithm Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram for total flight cost plan of airway The topological matrix for the optimized airway network, kij, i.e.: 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 8 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ijk = Conclusions The airspace airway network plan has very importance on guaranteeing the airspace security and reducing flight cost.
Omega, 2002, 197-213 [2] Gao ZY, Wu JJ, Sun HJ.Solution algorithm for the bi-level discrete network design problem[J].Transportation Research Part B 39 (2005):479-495 [3] Chiou SW.An efficient algorithm for optimal design of area traffic control with network flows [J].Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2009,33 (6): 2710-2722 [4] Liu CZ, Fan YY, Ordonez F.A two-stage stochastic programming model for transportation network protection[J].Computers & Operations Research, Volume 36, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 1582-1590 [5] International civil aviation organization, Manual for air traffic service plan[S], Doc9426-AN/924, 2001 [6] ZHANG Ming.
In view of Figure 1 above, it can be seen that the initial network G=(N,A),N=(R,1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10,S); where A can be obtained from the initial connectivity matrix δij as follows.
The input variables involved by the model are defined as follows, i.e.: δij, the initial connectivity matrix of airway network; Bij, the flight cost matrix between airway node pairs; Cij, the capacity matrix between airway node pairs; wij, the matrix for work load of controller between airway node pairs; tij0, the zero airplane flow flight time between airway node pairs. 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ijδ = 0 15 20 10 25 8 22 11 24 14 24 30 0 0 12 9 19 12 20 14 21 16 22 28 0 0 0 0 9 0 13 0 14 0 16 16 0 9 13 0 12 6 14 8 16 15 19 27 0 0 9 0 0 0 5 0 7 0 17 9 0 12 14 6 13 0 13 5 15 8 18 25 0 0 13 0 5 0 0 0 4
Fig. 2 Schematic Diagram for variance of mean value of iterative population based on the genetic algorithm Fig. 3 Schematic Diagram for variance of iterative solution based on the genetic algorithm Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram for total flight cost plan of airway The topological matrix for the optimized airway network, kij, i.e.: 0 1 3 0 1 4 0 8 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ijk = Conclusions The airspace airway network plan has very importance on guaranteeing the airspace security and reducing flight cost.
Omega, 2002, 197-213 [2] Gao ZY, Wu JJ, Sun HJ.Solution algorithm for the bi-level discrete network design problem[J].Transportation Research Part B 39 (2005):479-495 [3] Chiou SW.An efficient algorithm for optimal design of area traffic control with network flows [J].Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2009,33 (6): 2710-2722 [4] Liu CZ, Fan YY, Ordonez F.A two-stage stochastic programming model for transportation network protection[J].Computers & Operations Research, Volume 36, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 1582-1590 [5] International civil aviation organization, Manual for air traffic service plan[S], Doc9426-AN/924, 2001 [6] ZHANG Ming.