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Hence, there are extensive researches for TiO2 photoelectrode modification including doping to tune energy band structure and the use of carbon base material in photoelectrode to enhance PCE of DSSC [1-4].
Tsai, Dye-sensitized solar cells based on multiwalled carbon nanotube–titania/titania bilayer structure photoelectrode. 
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18(30), 20338-20344, (2016)

As an important functional material, the p-type semiconductor Co3O4 with a spinel crystal structure has been reported to be involved in many applications such as gas sensors, catalysis, electrochromic devices, solar energy absorber and magnetic materials [12-14].
The liquid-phase syntheses offer a good technique and control for tailoring the structures, the compositions, and the morphological features of Co3O4 nanoparticles.
Tarascon, Defect chemistry and catalytic activity of nanosized Co3O4, Chem.

The condensation processes will form chains or rings of polymer structures.
This phenomenon can only be explained through alkaline reactions, the inorganic polymer structure chains and networks were rearranged and cause disturbance among fine powders forming closed pores so that the water cannot penetrate inside.
Davidovits, Geopolymer Chemistry and Aapplication, 5th ed., Institut Géopolymère, France, 2020

Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex as Matrix Base of Meloxicam Transdermal Patches Jirapornchai Suksaeree1,a, Rungtiwa Waiprib2,b, Weeraya Simchareon2,c, Thawatchai Phaechamud3,d and Wiwat Pichayakorn2,e* 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand ajirapornchai.s@rsu.ac.th, bwairungtiwa@gmail.com, cweerayagis@gmail.com, dphaechamud_t@su.ac.th, ewiwat.p@psu.ac.th Keywords: Natural rubber, Meloxicam, Transdermal patch, Matrix Abstract.
The chemical structure of MX is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Chemical structure of MX.

Velocity measurements were performed using the Ultrasound Doppler Velocimeter (UDV) which is a very powerful tool to measure the velocity structure of liquid flows.
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 1(1956) 138-180
Miller, Natural Convection Flow Structure and Heat Transfer in a Model Hydrothermal Growth Reactor.

In Structures (Vol. 34, pp. 550-574).
Cellulosic Grewia optiva fibres: towards chemistry, surface engineering and sustainable materials. 
Effect of various chemical treatments on the fibre structure and tensile properties of industrial hemp fibres. 

SEM Analysis of Fiber Detailed SEM micrographs were employed to examine the surface structure of the BR fiber.
The Bauhinia Racemosa fiber epoxy composites demonstrated average tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength recorded at 14.40MPa, 46.20MPa, and 239J/m-1, respectively, the SEM fractographic analysis revealed that the CI fiber exhibits a multicellular structure, and the dominant failure mechanisms in the composites include fiber breakage, fiber extraction and fiber-matrix separation.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, p.130439

Removal of Heavy Metals Cd(II) and Al(III) from Aqueous Solutions by an Eco-Friendly Biosorbent Nour El houda Larbi1,a*, Djilali Redha Merouani1,b, Hakim Aguedal2,c , Abdelkader IDDOU3,d and Amine Khelifa1,e 1Laboratoire Structure Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaire-UMAB Mostaganem, Algérie 2Laboratoire Valorisation des Matériaux (LVM)- UMAB Mostaganem, Algérie 3Laboratoire des Ressources Naturelles Sahariennes (LRNS), UADA-Adrar, Algérie anourelhouda.larbi@univ-mosta.dz, bredha.merouani@univ-mosta.dz, chakim.aguedal@gmail.com, diddouabdelkader@yahoo.fr, eaminekhelifadz@yahoo.fr Keywords: lagoon sludge, humification, adsorption, heavy metals, isotherm.
Wang, Effects of in-situ straw decomposition on composition of humus and structure of humic acid at different soil depths, J.
Freundlich, Over the adsorption in solution, Journal of Physical Chemistry. 57 (1906) 385-470.

Electrochemical and mechanical properties of the PVDF/PEO-coatings on magnesium alloy EGORKIN Vladimira, VYALIY Igorb, OPRA Denisc, SINEBRYUKHOV Sergeyd *, GNEDENKOV Sergeye Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia aegorkin@ich.dvo.ru, bigorvyal@gmail.com, cayacks@mail.ru dsls@ich.dvo.ru, esvg21@hotmail.com Keywords: Protective coatings, plasma electrolytic oxidation, duty cycle, magnesium, polyvinylidene fluoride, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Phase angles indicate that PEO coating possess two-layered structure while the spectra of the composite layers have additional peak, which is attributed to the PVDF film on the surface.
Wu, Ultrafast fabrication of rough structures required by superhydrophobic surfaces on Al substrates using an immersion method // Chem.

Introduction Expanded vermiculite (EV) is heat and sound insulating as well as chemical resistant material with porous structure, but it also has incombustibility and antibacterial action.
The possible reason is that the former has a compact structure and there are less air holes and space inside, as a result, capillary action and absorption are weak, which leads to a low water content.
G Xi,et al.: Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 96 (2010), p. 155 [6] Abdullah Obut, İsmail Girgin and Abdülkerim Yörükoğlu: Clays and Clay Materials, Vol. 51 (2003), p. 452 [7] Erol Üçgül, İsmail Girgin: Turkish Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 (2002), p. 431 [8] Abdullah Obut, İsmail Girgin: Minerals Engineering, Vol. 15 (2002), p. 683