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Online since: September 2020
Authors: Mel Bryan L. Espenilla, Araceli Magsino Monsada, Ariel Verzosa Melendres, Rolan Pepito Vera Cruz
These unique characteristic can be exploited for a number of applications.
SAP can be designed in a number of ways depending on the target application.
SAP Samples were analyzed in the solid state as small grains while epoxy in liquid state.
SAP can be designed in a number of ways depending on the target application.
SAP Samples were analyzed in the solid state as small grains while epoxy in liquid state.
Online since: February 2026
Authors: Nabel Kadum Abd-Ali, Mohanad A. Kadhim, Hussein Akeel Hussein Alaasam, Ahmed Raee Madeh
A number of some factors that determine the physical and mechanical behavior of the rubber material, such as elasticity and size for the chemical groups throughout the chain of polymers, the degree of exposure to deformation between the atoms and the strength of the interactions between the chains.
The manufacturing of grain rubber with a higher stability is currently established.
Displacement response of recipe (C). 3.2.2 Histories of the Dynamic Analysis The finite element technique used to evaluate the forced vibration has been adapted for a dynamic investigation, requiring a high number of time steps. displays the result of the simulation with a comparison of three recipes (A, B and C) using the rubber bushing model under the applied transient pressure load.
The manufacturing of grain rubber with a higher stability is currently established.
Displacement response of recipe (C). 3.2.2 Histories of the Dynamic Analysis The finite element technique used to evaluate the forced vibration has been adapted for a dynamic investigation, requiring a high number of time steps. displays the result of the simulation with a comparison of three recipes (A, B and C) using the rubber bushing model under the applied transient pressure load.
Online since: June 2022
Authors: Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia, Hamid Reza Darvishvand, Masood Ebrahimi
The results demonstrate that concrete samples with the largest grain size of 12.5 mm have the most compressive strength, elastic modulus, energy absorption, and ductility in comparison with other samples (maximum 24% and 18% for elastic modulus with reference to sharp and rounded aggregate, respectively).
Abbreviation in Table 4 designates the following: Character C followed by numbers 1-4 represents cement content having values of 250, 350, 450, and 550 kg/m3, respectively.
GN and GB followed by numbers 1-4 represent natural gravel (rounded corners) and broken gravel (sharp corners) having the maximum size of the coarse aggregate equal to 9.5, 12.5, 19, and 25 mm, respectively.
Abbreviation in Table 4 designates the following: Character C followed by numbers 1-4 represents cement content having values of 250, 350, 450, and 550 kg/m3, respectively.
GN and GB followed by numbers 1-4 represent natural gravel (rounded corners) and broken gravel (sharp corners) having the maximum size of the coarse aggregate equal to 9.5, 12.5, 19, and 25 mm, respectively.
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Esuru Rita Okoroafor, Ejeong Baik, Calista Dikeh
Nigeria has a significant number of people in Africa without access to electricity.
Achieving universal electricity access in Nigeria will have a significant impact on a large number of people’s lives.
A pivotal aspect of this initiative is the multi-functional platform (MFP), a machine often powered by diesel fuel, designed to operate various devices such as pumps and grain mills.
NESP solicits brief project proposals and selects a number of applicants.
The sharp decrease in the number of subscribers as the grid expands provides a very high risk for business models like Off-Grid Electric in Nigeria.
Achieving universal electricity access in Nigeria will have a significant impact on a large number of people’s lives.
A pivotal aspect of this initiative is the multi-functional platform (MFP), a machine often powered by diesel fuel, designed to operate various devices such as pumps and grain mills.
NESP solicits brief project proposals and selects a number of applicants.
The sharp decrease in the number of subscribers as the grid expands provides a very high risk for business models like Off-Grid Electric in Nigeria.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Sheng Rong Li, Yu Tong Yan, Bao Jian Jia, Na Zhang, Liang Jiang, Li Na Yan
These include the Linglong and Jiaojia gold deposits hosted in the 160 Ma to 156 Ma old Linglong medium-grained biotite granite and the 130 Ma to 126 Ma old Guojialing porphyritic granodiorite [15,19,20].
Forms of morphology Number Content(Xn) kn K Xishan Dongshan Xishan Dongshan Xishan Dongshan Xishan Dong-shan {100} 26 38 42.62% 52.78% 0 0 0 {210} 2 0 3.23% 0 50 1.62 0 {111} 0 2 0 2.78% 100 0 2.78 {100}+{210} 14 9 22.95% 12.50% 25 5.74 3.13 {100}+{111} 5 13 8.20% 18.06% 75 6.15 13.50 {100}+{210}+{111} 13 9 21.31% 12.50% 90 19.18 11.25 {210}+{111} 1 1 1.64% 1.39% 75 1.23 1.04 total 61 72 99.95 100.01 33.92 31.7 After Chen et al. (1989) [2].
Types of morphology Number Xn(%) kn Kn {100} 865 38.97 0 0 {210} 18 0.81 50 0.41 {111} 0 0 100 0 {100}>{210} 848 38.20 15 5.73 {100}={210} 211 9.50 25 2.38 {100}<{210} 111 5.00 35 1.75 {100}>{111} 96 4.32 40 1.73 {100}+{210}+{111} 71 3.20 90 2.88 Total 2220 100 14.88 Table 5 is comparison of the K values between productive stages and barren stages in Sanshandao gold deposits.
Table 6 The K values in ore-forming stages (2), (3) and (4) in Sanshandao gold deposits Xn(%) kn Kn Ore-forming stages (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (4) Number 194 429 291 194 429 291 194 429 291 {100} 55.00 15.13 20.15 0 0 0 0 {210} 0 3.37 1.13 50 0 1.69 0.57 {111} 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 {100}>{210} 35.86 55.15 52.59 15 5.38 8.27 7.89 {100}={210} 2.23 19.11 19.29 25 0.56 4.78 4.82 {100}<{210} 1.16 7.24 4.72 35 0.41 2.53 1.65 {100}>{111} 4.66 0 0 40 1.86 0 0 {100}+{210}+{111} 1.07 0 2.13 90 0.96 0 1.92 Total 99.98 100 100.01 9.17 17.27 16.85 Table 7 shows the K values with heights in Sanshandao gold deposits.
Table 7 The K values with heights in Sanshandao gold deposits Xn(%) kn Kn Heights(m) +30 -70 -105 +30 -70 -105 +30 -70 -105 Number 204 362 361 204 362 361 204 362 361 {100} 62.66 65.30 62.26 0 0 0 0 {100}>{210} 30.96 22.11 30.25 15 4.64 3.32 4.54 {100}={210} 1.39 3.18 0.72 25 0.35 0.80 0.18 {100}<{210} 0 0.72 0 35 0 0.25 0 {100}>{111} 4.99 7.95 6.05 40 2.00 3.18 2.42 {100}+{210}+{111} 0 0.75 0.72 90 0 0.68 0.65 Total 100 100.01 100 6.99 8.23 7.79 4.3 Application of “K curve method” in Xiadian magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits Xiadian mine is one of Fracture-altered type gold deposits in Jiaodong peninsula, China.
Forms of morphology Number Content(Xn) kn K Xishan Dongshan Xishan Dongshan Xishan Dongshan Xishan Dong-shan {100} 26 38 42.62% 52.78% 0 0 0 {210} 2 0 3.23% 0 50 1.62 0 {111} 0 2 0 2.78% 100 0 2.78 {100}+{210} 14 9 22.95% 12.50% 25 5.74 3.13 {100}+{111} 5 13 8.20% 18.06% 75 6.15 13.50 {100}+{210}+{111} 13 9 21.31% 12.50% 90 19.18 11.25 {210}+{111} 1 1 1.64% 1.39% 75 1.23 1.04 total 61 72 99.95 100.01 33.92 31.7 After Chen et al. (1989) [2].
Types of morphology Number Xn(%) kn Kn {100} 865 38.97 0 0 {210} 18 0.81 50 0.41 {111} 0 0 100 0 {100}>{210} 848 38.20 15 5.73 {100}={210} 211 9.50 25 2.38 {100}<{210} 111 5.00 35 1.75 {100}>{111} 96 4.32 40 1.73 {100}+{210}+{111} 71 3.20 90 2.88 Total 2220 100 14.88 Table 5 is comparison of the K values between productive stages and barren stages in Sanshandao gold deposits.
Table 6 The K values in ore-forming stages (2), (3) and (4) in Sanshandao gold deposits Xn(%) kn Kn Ore-forming stages (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (4) Number 194 429 291 194 429 291 194 429 291 {100} 55.00 15.13 20.15 0 0 0 0 {210} 0 3.37 1.13 50 0 1.69 0.57 {111} 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 {100}>{210} 35.86 55.15 52.59 15 5.38 8.27 7.89 {100}={210} 2.23 19.11 19.29 25 0.56 4.78 4.82 {100}<{210} 1.16 7.24 4.72 35 0.41 2.53 1.65 {100}>{111} 4.66 0 0 40 1.86 0 0 {100}+{210}+{111} 1.07 0 2.13 90 0.96 0 1.92 Total 99.98 100 100.01 9.17 17.27 16.85 Table 7 shows the K values with heights in Sanshandao gold deposits.
Table 7 The K values with heights in Sanshandao gold deposits Xn(%) kn Kn Heights(m) +30 -70 -105 +30 -70 -105 +30 -70 -105 Number 204 362 361 204 362 361 204 362 361 {100} 62.66 65.30 62.26 0 0 0 0 {100}>{210} 30.96 22.11 30.25 15 4.64 3.32 4.54 {100}={210} 1.39 3.18 0.72 25 0.35 0.80 0.18 {100}<{210} 0 0.72 0 35 0 0.25 0 {100}>{111} 4.99 7.95 6.05 40 2.00 3.18 2.42 {100}+{210}+{111} 0 0.75 0.72 90 0 0.68 0.65 Total 100 100.01 100 6.99 8.23 7.79 4.3 Application of “K curve method” in Xiadian magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits Xiadian mine is one of Fracture-altered type gold deposits in Jiaodong peninsula, China.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Fabrizia Ghezzo, Xi Geng Miao
Nacre is the iridescent layer present inside a large number of shells as shown in Figure 1.
(B) Atomic force microscopy image of surface nano-grains on an individual nacre platelet from California red abalone (courtesy of Science).
Consequently, as the size decreases the number of microcapsules to be integrated increases.
As the network of capillaries impacts the structural performance of the host material, such channels must be properly designed in size and number.
Besides the investigations on the material quality resulting from different fabrication methods, the healing process and the number of times that the healing process can be performed must be also studied and established as well as the optimal temperature required for the repair.
(B) Atomic force microscopy image of surface nano-grains on an individual nacre platelet from California red abalone (courtesy of Science).
Consequently, as the size decreases the number of microcapsules to be integrated increases.
As the network of capillaries impacts the structural performance of the host material, such channels must be properly designed in size and number.
Besides the investigations on the material quality resulting from different fabrication methods, the healing process and the number of times that the healing process can be performed must be also studied and established as well as the optimal temperature required for the repair.
Online since: September 2025
Authors: Faried Latief, Andika Fajar, Putri Istichomah, Bagas Haqi Arrosyid, Ratih Amalia, Muhammad Fahroji, Trivadila Trivadila, Akmal Zulfi, Andika Widya Pramono, Alfian Noviyanto
This typical morphology is further known in polycrystalline nanofibers (PNFs) that are particularly interesting due to their multiple crystalline grains, giving them distinct mechanical, electrical, and optical properties [21–23] for are beneficial in ceramics or metal oxide-based materials.
The chemical structure of PVDF can be represented as [-CH2-CF2-]n, where n denotes the number of repeating units in the polymer chain.
The wave number peaks observed at 612 cm–1, 761 cm–1, and 796 cm–1 are present for both pure PVDF and PVDF/BF (50:50).
Wave number (cm-1) References Identification PVDF PVDF/BF(50:50) PVDF/BF(33:66) 1. - 413 411 410 Bending of Fe-O and Bi-O groups 2. - 539 539 539 Bi-O stretching of BiO6 3. - 440 439 440 Fe-O of FeO6 octahedral 4. - 555 554 555 Fe-O and Bi-O stretching of BiO6 and FeO6 octahedral 5. 489 487 489 480 489 CF2-bending and wagging α-phase 6. 612 761 796 612 761 796 612 761 796 614 763 795 α-phase 7. 839 839 839 840 1275 α-phase in raw powder converted into β-phase 8. 511 878 1276 510 875 1276 509 874 1276 511 840 1275 β-phase 9. 431 1430 431 1430 431 1430 431 1429 γ-phase 10. 1400 1400 1400 1406 CF2 symmetric stretching, α-phase 11. 1175 1177 1175 1170 Symmetrical stretching of CF2 group, β-phase 12. 1073 1073 1073 1073 Asymmetrical stretching of CF2 group, β-phase The Raman shift spectrum of PVDF/BiFeO3 nanofibers was obtained using a laser power of 1.5 mW, an exposure time of 10 Hz, and a number of scans up to 500.
The chemical structure of PVDF can be represented as [-CH2-CF2-]n, where n denotes the number of repeating units in the polymer chain.
The wave number peaks observed at 612 cm–1, 761 cm–1, and 796 cm–1 are present for both pure PVDF and PVDF/BF (50:50).
Wave number (cm-1) References Identification PVDF PVDF/BF(50:50) PVDF/BF(33:66) 1. - 413 411 410 Bending of Fe-O and Bi-O groups 2. - 539 539 539 Bi-O stretching of BiO6 3. - 440 439 440 Fe-O of FeO6 octahedral 4. - 555 554 555 Fe-O and Bi-O stretching of BiO6 and FeO6 octahedral 5. 489 487 489 480 489 CF2-bending and wagging α-phase 6. 612 761 796 612 761 796 612 761 796 614 763 795 α-phase 7. 839 839 839 840 1275 α-phase in raw powder converted into β-phase 8. 511 878 1276 510 875 1276 509 874 1276 511 840 1275 β-phase 9. 431 1430 431 1430 431 1430 431 1429 γ-phase 10. 1400 1400 1400 1406 CF2 symmetric stretching, α-phase 11. 1175 1177 1175 1170 Symmetrical stretching of CF2 group, β-phase 12. 1073 1073 1073 1073 Asymmetrical stretching of CF2 group, β-phase The Raman shift spectrum of PVDF/BiFeO3 nanofibers was obtained using a laser power of 1.5 mW, an exposure time of 10 Hz, and a number of scans up to 500.
Online since: May 2024
Authors: Hassan Achiban, Ali Taous, Rachid Addou, Hamid Achiban, Ismail Mansouri
In winter, despite the low intensity of precipitation (Fig. 3), the number of recorded floods during this season is relatively high.
Fig. 8 Distributions of distances traveled by all painted particles recovered between May 2016 and December 2018, on Skhirate Wadi (N is the total number of particles recovered).
Year 2016 2017 2018 Specific bedload [in m3 /km2 /year] 19 36 24 This interannual variation is primarily due to the variation in the number and magnitude of mobilizing floods that occurred during each year.
Sayre, Sand transport studies with radioactive tracers, Journal of Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers. 90, Number HY3 (1964) 39-68
Boes, Measuring Bed Load Transport Rates by Grain-Size Fraction Using the Swiss Plate Geophone Signal at the Erlenbach.
Fig. 8 Distributions of distances traveled by all painted particles recovered between May 2016 and December 2018, on Skhirate Wadi (N is the total number of particles recovered).
Year 2016 2017 2018 Specific bedload [in m3 /km2 /year] 19 36 24 This interannual variation is primarily due to the variation in the number and magnitude of mobilizing floods that occurred during each year.
Sayre, Sand transport studies with radioactive tracers, Journal of Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers. 90, Number HY3 (1964) 39-68
Boes, Measuring Bed Load Transport Rates by Grain-Size Fraction Using the Swiss Plate Geophone Signal at the Erlenbach.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Pedro Carreira, João Vitorino, Jorge Domingues, Cyril Santos, Rúben Silva, Pedro Sereno, Artur Mateus, Geoffrey R. Mitchell
Introduction
There is a growing interest in AM technologies which has aroused interest and fostered development around cross-cutting aspects of the technology, for example to create new possibilities and advantages in the design of parts, development of different additive processes and above all the rising number of materials and its properties that the technology allows to produce.
Fig. 8 - Workflow with conventional processes vs additive processes As we can see in the figure above (Fig. 8), comparing the conventional flow chart of the different phases in a new product development methodology, with the implementation of new digital and flexible additive manufacturing systems, it is possible to shorten the number of phases, and the costs associated to these phases, and also its possible to reduce time and costs in the remaining phases.
In this head also occurs the addition of binder material that ensures adhesion between the grains layer by layer.
This effect is reduced as much as the size of the pins used, however, by decreasing their size there will be a considerable increase in the number of pins, making the process more complex as the resolution of the pin is refined.
This process will involve the exchange of tools and a previous machining of the surface of the platform, making the process more time consuming and complex, however, for a high-quality finish, possibly for the production of a larger number of pieces, since there is reuse of the platform for the for the repetition of the process, making it more feasible for longer runs, this will be the best solution.
Fig. 8 - Workflow with conventional processes vs additive processes As we can see in the figure above (Fig. 8), comparing the conventional flow chart of the different phases in a new product development methodology, with the implementation of new digital and flexible additive manufacturing systems, it is possible to shorten the number of phases, and the costs associated to these phases, and also its possible to reduce time and costs in the remaining phases.
In this head also occurs the addition of binder material that ensures adhesion between the grains layer by layer.
This effect is reduced as much as the size of the pins used, however, by decreasing their size there will be a considerable increase in the number of pins, making the process more complex as the resolution of the pin is refined.
This process will involve the exchange of tools and a previous machining of the surface of the platform, making the process more time consuming and complex, however, for a high-quality finish, possibly for the production of a larger number of pieces, since there is reuse of the platform for the for the repetition of the process, making it more feasible for longer runs, this will be the best solution.
Online since: October 2021
Authors: Somenath Chatterjee, Parita Basnet, Pankaj Kumar Jha, Amlan Gupta
In underdeveloped countries, higher outbreaks of bacterial infections from increased numbers of pathogenic strains increased antibiotic resistance and occasional bacterial mutations have caused serious health hazards, especially in the infant population [1].
Pubmed search depicting an increased number of peer-reviewed indexed articles versus years count of papers in PubMed search with "Nanostructures/therapeutic use and Bacteria Over the past many years, nanotechnology has evolved in various aspects of science and technology including the field of medicine [6].
Fig. 1 represents a surge in the number of peer-reviewed indexed articles over the years in Pubmed for nanostructures/therapeutic use as well as on bacteria.
Further, a small number of bacteria was taken out using a sterile rod and added to peptone water in a sterile test tube for ~2 h to allow bacterial growth which was visually observed through turbidity in the solution. 1.6.
Therefore, the formation of segregated Au nanoparticles in the grain boundaries of ZnO may be confirmed.
Pubmed search depicting an increased number of peer-reviewed indexed articles versus years count of papers in PubMed search with "Nanostructures/therapeutic use and Bacteria Over the past many years, nanotechnology has evolved in various aspects of science and technology including the field of medicine [6].
Fig. 1 represents a surge in the number of peer-reviewed indexed articles over the years in Pubmed for nanostructures/therapeutic use as well as on bacteria.
Further, a small number of bacteria was taken out using a sterile rod and added to peptone water in a sterile test tube for ~2 h to allow bacterial growth which was visually observed through turbidity in the solution. 1.6.
Therefore, the formation of segregated Au nanoparticles in the grain boundaries of ZnO may be confirmed.