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These factors are associated with the powder properties and the process control parameters, which can be divided into three basis group: Sintered material – grain size, chemical composition, (2) Sintered parameters – scanning speed SP, laser power P, laser beam diameter D, point distance PD, hatch distance HD (3) Sintered layer – layer thickness t.
The Andrew number doesn’t include the powder material properties, such as absorptivity or thermal conductivity [9-19].

One of the reason is for a huge number of hydrophilic groups and its strong hydrophilicity from cellulose fiber itself [14,15], and the other is for a lower graft density and degree of the hydrophobic modification reaction on cellulose fiber.
After a treatment with an appropriate dosage of DMSO, a coating-grain structure was exhibited on the surface of the cotton filter cloth.

The irradiation dose covered the range of 103-107 Gy by varying the total number of pulses delivered to different LiF samples.
For polycrystalline LiF films, the density was estimated in a simplified way by considering the film as an aggregate of material “grains” separated by air interstices.

Here the atomic numbers of constituent atoms and some structural information are employed as the only pieces of input data.
The size of each block is the number of selected basis orbitals per atom, multiplied by the number of atoms in the unit cell.
Here the crystal structure can be considered to be composed from a number of sublattices, which may exhibit preferential occupancy by one or more constituents.
This description can be extended in the same way to any number of sublattices.
The most commonly used model is the three-sublattice model merging sites with the same coordination number (CN) into one sublattice [71].

Pores at » 4 (nm) are related to the largest structure defects and voids between grain beads, they are not considered.
(5) Here is the charge number, is the Faraday constant.
Distance between functional groups and hydration number of fixed and counter-ions.
For instance, the values are in the range of 0.4-0.7 nm for a number of PFMs.
Other parameter, which characterizes the polymer structure, is a number of water molecules per functional groups (so called hydration number, ) [13, 24, 38, 59, 60, 109].

Pure MnSe nanoparticles (Fig. 3a) exhibit a uniform nanocrystalline morphology with distinct grain boundaries.
Among all pH conditions, the best electrochemical performance was observed at pH 9.0, attributed to optimized OH⁻ ion adsorption and enhanced catalytic stability.In electrocatalysis, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is a key parameter reflecting the number of accessible active sites.
Incorporation of MnSe nanoparticles enhances the number of active sites and the overall catalytic surface area, thereby improving the redox activity.
Acknowledgement The authors are very obliged to Tamilnadu Directorate of Collegiate Education (Rank number 28/2017 and Rc.
Number 46400/ K2/2017).

The process is cyclic and is based on the number of reactants.
Grain boundaries (GB) are main source of deep state impurities and they adversely affect transistor performance.
There are a number of nanostructure-based electrical biosensors which include: single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), nanowires, nanogaps, nanochannels, and nano-electromechanical (NEM) devices.
Silicon nanowires are of interest for a number of reasons, for example, the material is well known and is compatible with CMOS integrated circuits for the development of sensor systems [97]–[108].
A number of fabrication methods are well established for silicon nanowires which utilise both bottom-up and top-down methods (These methods are called hybrids).

The proven in 2019, the Indonesia’s rubbish are 29.14 million tons so the number increases about 12.63% compared to 2020.
XRD data can be further processed to obtain crystalline parameter values such as crystal size using the Scherrer equation [27, 28], interlaminar space, crystal stack height, and number of graphene layer [4].
The G peak, associated with the E2g mode, represents the vibration of carbon atoms within the hexagonal lattice plane, while the 2D peak, known as G' or 2D', is highly sensitive to the number of graphene layers.
The relative intensities and shapes of the G, 2D, and D peaks offer valuable insights into the quality and characteristics of graphene samples, with the I₂D/IG ratio commonly used to gauge the number of layers.
Fang et al., "Graphene quantum dot incorporated perovskite films: passivating grain boundaries and facilitating electron extraction," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 10.1039/C6CP06953C vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 6057-6063, 2017, doi: 10.1039/C6CP06953C

It is reported that the ultrasound has been shown to aid extraction in a number of plant materials by significantly reducing extraction time and increasing maximum extraction yield[14,15].
Then L93(4)Orthogonal methodology which only focuses on the main effects of the factors, NaOH concentration, alkali/ethanol ratio, extraction temperature and Ph, allows the number of experiments to be drastically reduced[18].
Ferulic and p-coumaric acids extraction by alkaline hyfrolysis of brewer`s spent grain.

The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model is commonly used to describe the adsorption process, particularly when the adsorption occurs on a homogeneous surface with a fixed number of adsorption sites.
The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model is particularly useful for describing adsorption processes that occur on a homogeneous surface with a fixed number of adsorption sites.
XRD is widely used for nanoparticle characterization, providing insights into crystal structure, phase composition, lattice parameters, and grain size.