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TEM provides images of individual particles and also gives, besides particle shape, information on the internal structure (strain, grain boundaries, dislocations) [95].
The mean X-ray size is smaller than the values deduced from imaging techniques because particles obviously are not completely single crystalline, but contain grain boundaries [95].
As commented above, static magnetic fields may interact with living tissues in a number of ways, although the most likely means of causing health effects are these via flow potentials and via field-induced alterations in the rate of chemical reactions [109].
Although static magnetic fields may interact with living tissues in a number of ways, their health relevance is still not clear [109, 111].
Studies have shown that in vivo magnetic resonance tracking of magnetically labeled cells was feasible in humans for detecting very low numbers of dendritic cells in conjunction with detailed anatomical information.

Large number of wide band gap metal oxides like TiO2 [16-17], ZnO [18-19] given considerable attention owing to their particular functionalities and its hierarchical morphologies.
Further the SnO2 nano fibers provide direct linear path for transport/ collection electron and SnO2 nanoparticle with larger size and higher crystalline nature minimize the grain boundary favoring lower recombination rate in DSSC.
The advantages of hollow SnO2 micro/nano spheres is that Ø It enhances the light harvesting capability due to multiple reflections and scattering in DSSC Ø Larger dye absorption capability due to enhanced surface area Ø Enhanced charge transport with less diffusive difficulty Ø Decreased number of contact barrier between primary particles Ø Possibility in tuning the structure and chain length of microsphere to alter the dye filling ability The presence of single crystallite SnO2 nanoparticles within the hollow sphere allows larger dye loading capacity and the hollow nature allows higher light harvesting capability with lower reflection ability in DSSC system.

It is clear that a intrinsic relationship exists between the drug release properties of LDH-ASP system and their structural parameters, such as crystal cell parameters, the degree of crystallinity and grain size, the drug release degree rising along with the increasing structure factor SF.
However, when exchange reaction between ASP and HPO42- proceeds according to 2 : 1 ion mole ratio in an elevated pH ion environments, as the brace particles distribution in LDH gallery becomes balanceless, the channel for ASP- ions to diffus out of the matrix is seriously hindered, because the particles number of diffusing outward is greater than that of influx inward with a high concentrated consistence.
The network link of DET formed by large number of hydroxyl and 1,6–α-glycosidic bond, could be used to build a protection layer for LDH-drug system through compositing with surface hydroxyl of LDH, which would be an ideal scheme to effectively solve the acid corrosion problem of the LDH layers.

In most published studies, the particle types considered were mainly the formation clay minerals [21], asphalts [22], the mechanical solids in injection fluids and grains produced by the physical and chemical reactions due to incompatibility between injection fluid and formation fluid and rocks [23].
Because of creating similar dynamic conditions for all drilling fluids with different rheological properties, Reynolds number value should be the same for all fluid samples.
dagg=dpN1df (1) Where N= number of particles aggregate to form cluster structure, df, is the fractal dimension, and is always less than 3, dp= particle diameter.

The SPS sintered products showed an increased number of large pores, compared to the conventional method.
The study of processing parameters like G number, caster and casting atmosphere influences on the cooling rate and microstructure formation were examined by Hisashi, Yoshimi and Yuko [67].
The process parameters used were reinforcement volume fraction, pouring and mould temperatures, G number, mould diameter, degassing method, and cooling method.
It was reported that G number and atmosphere influenced the cooling rate distribution and size of sample.
Erdemir et al. combined two techniques, hot press and consolidation method, to fabricate a number of layers of Al2024/SiC FGMs.

The Gibbs free energy change, dG, for a system in which change of composition takes place through chemical reaction, is given by (1.2) where is the mole number of component i and the chemical potential.
Change in mole number of component i can be expressed from the extent of reaction () and the stoichiometric coefficient (), which are negative for reactants and positive for products of the reaction, i.e
(1.16) For the inward growth of a compact oxide, after the adsorption process the adsorbed oxygen is incorporated into the oxide possibly by jumping into the oxide lattice or the oxide grain boundary.

The peak identification is difficult because of the large number of phases over a narrow temperature range and because of the presence of the poly-Si(220) peak, which overlaps many peaks from the metal-rich phases.
Coming back to the disparity between the number of Ni-Si phases observed in prior and current experiments, one should always be somewhat skeptical towards negative results: that Ni3Si2, for example, was logical reasoning.
One need not worry too much about the actual value of tc here, for the interface NiSi/NiSi2 is planar only in principle, since the original Ni2Si layer is not that uniform to begin with and the growth of NiSi via grain boundary diffusion is also not uniform, so at some point in time, the Ni2Si layer may have disappeared here and retain a thickness of several tc elsewhere.

A number of excellent reviews have been published recently.
There is a clear growth in waste generation in recent decades, mainly in the mineral sector, with large numbers in various types and levels of dangerousness.
In addition, the kaolin always contains other substances in the form of impurities: grains of feldspar, quartz, mica, iron oxide, etc [39, 40].

Hardness measurements were carried out on specimens prepared from 319 alloys in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions, using different combinations of grain refining, Sr-modification, and alloying additions.
After the parameters and the values input into the software (MINITAB 14), a DOE model will be automatically generated with specific number of runs coupled with specific parametric settings.

The RMS parameter is expressed in nanometers as follows (e.q.2): (2) Where: n – number of example points, Zi – the height of each point for the z coordinate, – average value of the sample height for the z coordinate.
However, growth parameters of the cell allows the assumption that the achievement of higher values of the parameters is a matter of ensuring grained layer morphology of TiO2 which is a cause for further investigation.
Acknowledgments The research presented in this article was financed by the National Science Centre, Poland based on the decision number 2016/23/B/ST8/02045.