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Dislocations and grain boundaries are other types of defects and can act as high-diffusivity paths /also called diffusion short-circuits), because the mobility of atoms along such defects is usually much higher than in the lattice.
(3) Here f1V denotes the correlation factor, which in simple cases is just a number, e.g. 0.781 for a monovacancy mechanism in an fcc lattice and 0.727 in a bcc lattice. ν1V denotes the jump rate of the vacancy and the pertaining attempt frequency (of the order of the Debye frequency) and denote the entropy and enthalpy of vacancy migration.
Successful differential dilatometry studies require high precision for both quantities, because the fractions of vacant lattice sites are often very small numbers.
This value which is the highest number observed for an fcc metals [4].

Thus for a track to be formed by the Coulomb explosion model one must have: (6) where is the number of free electrons in the system, is the number of ionizations per atomic plane, k is the Boltzmann constant and is the electron mobility
Conducting polymers also exhibited changes in their grain size upon irradiation with swift heavy ions.
Total number of peaks in the Raman spectrum is related to the number of symmetry allowed Raman active modes.
Consequently, the number of peaks in the Raman spectrum will be less than or equal to the number of Raman active modes.
In 3-day-old cultures, the cells adhered to the modified polystyrene in higher numbers and over larger contact areas as shown in Figure 10.

It was programmed to operate full-scale production with d80 of 10 µm of the concentrate grain size to obtain more than 95 % copper recovery.
It was determined that pulp density, pH, concentrate type, microbial diversity, and grain size of concentrate particle were the influential parameters in copper extraction from the concentrate.
Wu; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, China 12:30 Biodesulfurization of a coarse-grained high sulfur coal in a full-scale packed-bed bioreactor A.
In the current project four different fluorescent phosphor components were used to identify a small number of specific binding peptides via PSD.
The ODE model integrates a thermodynamically based coupling of microbial anabolism and catabolism, complexation equilibria and chalcopyrite dissolution, while considering the fractal nature of chalcopyrite grain geometry.

However, due to a number of problematic technological issues ranging from die-material selection, die design, surface finish (e.g. alpha casing), differential thinning, temperature-pressure-time cycle determination and overall economy, the application of superplasticity has reached nowhere near its full potential.

Treatments for precision fiber cleaning may be utilized to eliminate impurities and starch grains [30].
Siddique, Optimum process parameters selection for Brinell hardness number of natural fiber reinforced composites using Taguchi method, Saudi J.

The geology of the Djerid Chott basin was discussed by a number of authors [33-34].
Yaich, Cyclicity of grain size parameters along a Core from the Gleysol of Sebkha Ennoual, southeastern Tunisia, J. basic appl. res. (2015) 124-134

Mechanochemical synthesis occurs at the boundaries of continually regenerating, nanometre-sized grains and allows chemical reactions to proceed at low temperatures in a ball mill without external heating [26].
These peaks indicated the existence of the crystalline spinel-structured magnetite (Fe3O4) phase of iron oxide, which corresponds to JCPDS number 19-629 [55].

., which involve a number of systematic errors in the measurement of θ and hence d values.
A general increase in impedance may be due to increases in the band gap of the nanocrystalline films, and due to decreases in grain size by increasing the composition parameter ‘x’. 6.5.

Failure to treat diabetes effectively, will largely result into a number of other health complications, such as eye problems (blindness), neuropathy, foot complications, kidney disease, heart diseases, hypertension, stroke, hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome, gastroparesis, heart disease, and mental health disorders; death and disability in the entire globe, it may also affect pregnancy [1, 2].
XRD Analysis The phase variety and grain size of synthesized silver nanoparticles was determined by X-ray diffraction Spectroscopy (Philips PAN analytical).

By 2050, this number is expected to rise to 10 million if nothing is done [3].
Chitkara, Morphological analysis and grain size distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles via digital image processing across diverse calcination temperatures, J.