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The doping of the film and substrates etching can affect the crystal structure and surface morphology of the deposited films [16].
The SAED for ZnO/AlN appears as smaller growth quality than ZnO/Si, this happens due to AlN film is polycrystalline, while the Si substrate is single crystal and/or for Chemistry of interfaces [30].
The thickness was about 750 nm with column structure and nearly dense for ZnO/Si (Fig. 4-a), while ZnO/AlN/Si has typically column structure with lesser dense and thickness of ZnO film was 750 nm, while the thickness of AlN was 100 nm (Fig. 4-b).
It shows the general direction of typical ZnO/Si current conductivity curves for a hetero structure semiconductor structure.
Olsson, Electrical characterization of aln mis and mim structures, IEEE T Electron Dev 50 (2003) 1214 - 1219

It is this physical super-structuring that causes the adhesive strength to be higher.
Based on Fig.6, it was found that the ChNP suspension would self-assemble into a flattened structure at high concentrations.
The ChNP adhesive also forms a worm-like structure in the interior.
The contribution of the worm-like structure to the in-plane adhesive strength is lower than that of the linear structure, it increases the bonding area, which improves the out-of-plane adhesive strength of ChNP adhesive.
Anandharamakrishnan, “A review on source-specific chemistry, functionality, and applications of chitin and chitosan,” Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, vol. 2.

Restoration and conservation of structures and systems reduces the need for base materials and may limit the energy required.
The reduced permeability and water absorption of polymer-modified cement mortars is attributed to the changed pore structure.
Structure Magazine, January 2009:, 11-15
From microstructure to macrostructure: an integrated model of structure formation in polymer modified concrete., RILEM Materials and Structures,.
Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Vol.

It contains very low conductivity gases trapped in a closed-cellular structure, which reduces heat transfer by conduction.
They have no plasticizing effect and do not affect the thermal stability of the foam structure.
Number, size and distribution of the nuclei determine the final foam structure [21].
RPUF shows very little propensity to absorb water due to its closed-cell structure and hydrophobic nature.
Lonescu: Chemistry and technology of polyols for polyurethanes, Rapra Tchnology Limited, Shropshire, UK (2005) [11] W.

These phenomena are explained by the lignocellulosic substrate structure, which is crystalline and thermoresistant [53].
Karima Ben Hamou from the Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry - Composites Materials (Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco) for conducting the lignocellulosic component analysis needed in this study.
Alen, Analytical Methods in Wood Chemistry, Pulping, and Papermaking.

Soboyejo1,4,6 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja-Nigeria 2Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) P.M.B 186, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Malete, Kwara State University, Nigeria. 4Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. 5Department of Chemistry, Bronx Community College, New York, NY, USA. 6Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Bowen Hall, 70 Prospect Street, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
E-Journal of Chemistry 7(4) (2010) 1334-1339
Parak On the Development of Colloidal Nanoparticles towards Multifunctional Structures and their Possible Use for Biological Applications Small 1 (2005) 48-63

The various film structures find application in different fields.
To simplify plasma chemistry and obtain a better understanding of microcrystalline silicon growth, we have systematically used the layer-by-layer technique, which can be considered a dilution in time with respect to the standard hydrogen dilution method [14].
The data clearly indicate that there is an evolution in the structure of the film during its growth.
Effect of ion energy on the structure of µc-Si:H films co-deposited on the anode and cathode.
General layer-structure for microcrystalline silicon thin films.

FRP increases the strength and ductility of the structure while limiting the amount of flying debris [2].
These polymers have similar chemistry and are applied in the same way as the baseline polymer, which is also polyurethane.
· Technical conditions specific to historical structures.
It shows some possibilities of how to protect existing structures against the explosion effect.
Field Tests of Cementitious Composites Suitable for Protective Structures and Critical Infrastructure.

When working in the steam circumstances, the silica structure will collapse due to the further hydrolysis of the Si–O–Si network which will result in a decrease of gas permeance and selectivity.
Crystal structures were examined by a Rigaku D/max2200pc X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation (λ=1.54056Å) produced at 40 kV and 40 mA, and the scanning rate is 4 °/min.
This may mean that the loading of metallic Pd0 nearly has no influence on the chemical structure of Pd/SiO2 materials after calcinations at 350 °C.
Li, Wettability, pore structure and performance of perfluorodecyl-modified silica membranes.
Shim, Fabrication of Ag nanoparticles-coated macroporous SiO2 structure by using polystyrene spheres.

An amorphous structure is distinctly different from a densely packed assembly of microcrystals and is closely related to the structure of a liquid phase.
In 1960’s, both XRD and infrared spectroscopic techniques were used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the amorphous content of bone mineral and then, based on the methods used in polymer chemistry, an algorithm to estimate the ACP amount in bones was developed [41, 42, 43].
Unfortunately, it remains unclear, in what extent they are similar to dry-heated ACP prepared by wet-chemistry.
Structure In general, determination of the atomic structure of amorphous solids is a non-trivial task.
Fine structure of early cartilage calcification.