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Furthermore, the effectiveness of the DES was tested by enzymatic reactions using novozym 435® for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO.
In general, enzymatic reactions run in mild conditions and can also be applied even by using raw materials with high levels of free fatty acids.
Experimental Materials and methods.
DPO raw materials with 2.6% FFA content and 1.2% moisture content obtained from PT Nusantara Plantation IV Indonesia.
Wulandari, Transesterification process of palm oil using novozym®435 in choline chloride (CHCL) ionic liquid system to produce biodiesel, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, (2016) 11 16

Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),Vol.23 NO.6, Nov.2007
Permeability coefficient test of permeable base materials: a case study.
Journal of Xi an Highway University (Natural Science),Vol.23 NO.2, Mar.2003
Changsha University of Science & Technology, 2006
Study on Materials and Structure Design of Urban Permeable Pavement: a doctoral dissertation.

And during the experiment, some little pieces of metal materials cracked from the sample and splashed around the upward side of it.
Shen, et al: Journal of Nuclear Materials.
Mintz: Journal of the Less Common Metals.
Condon: The Journal of Physical Chemistry.
Mintz: Journal of alloys and compounds.

Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51008085) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province in China (No.9451009001002744).
[4] Uy B: Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 57 (2001), p. 114-134
[5] Han L-H:Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 58 (2002), p. 353-372
[12] Dai X and Lam D: Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 66 (2010), p. 931-942
(Science Publishing Company, China, 2004) [19] Liang QQ:Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 64 (2008), p. 295-304

Common materials are becoming the focus of research since the state of the art materials such as bismuth telluride and lead telluride are expensive.
Ferrites are ferrimagnetic materials having the modified structure of iron.
Materials and Methods Analytical grade (purity >99%) ZnO powder, NiO powder and Fe2O3 powder were used as the starting materials for the preparation of Ni(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 pellet samples.
Zou, Nanostructured thermoelectric materials: Current research and future challenge, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 22 (2012) 535–549
Yang, The influences of Zn2+ and some rare-earth ions on the magnetic properties of nickel-zinc ferrites, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 281(2004) 173-177

Alves, “Preparation and characterization of new niobophosphate glasses in the Li2O-Nb2O5 -CaO-P2O5 system,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 39, Mar. 2004, pp. 1987-1995
Kokubo, “Novel bioactive materials with different mechanical properties,” Biomaterials, vol. 24, Jun. 2003, pp. 2161-2175
Dissolution tests and proof of concept of fibre drawing,” Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 31, Mar. 2011, pp. 434-442
Berzina-Cimdina, “Phase Transition in Niobophosphate Glass-Ceramic,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 222, Apr. 2011, pp. 259-262
Day, “Bioactive comparison of a borate , phosphate and silicate glass,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 21, 2006, pp. 125-131

Acknowledgements The present work was sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.
Wall Materials Innovation and Building Energy Saving, 2002 ( 9) : 35-38.
New Building Materials, 2008 (05) : 24-26.
Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 2008, 21 ( 2) : 20-26.
Sichuan building science research, 2007, 33 ( 5) : 17-20.

Methodology Molecular dynamic simulations were carried out using Materials Studio software package version 4.4.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 548-549 (2014) 1876-1880 [9] TA Tengku Mohd, N Alias, NA Ghazali, E Yahya, A Sauki, A Azizi, NM Yusof.
Advanced Materials Research, 1119 (2015) 90–95 [10] JJ Bikerman.
Procedia Materials Science, 11 (2015) 565–570 [12] M Zargartalebi, R Kharrat, N Barati.
Molecular dynamics simulations of stability at the early stages of silica materials preparation.

In general, nanofluids is a fluid containing nanoparticles such as SCNTs, MWCNTs, Al2O3, MoS2, diamond and other materials.
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