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Lankford, Small Fatigue Cracks: A Statement of the Problem and Potential Solutions, Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 84 (1986) 11-16
Hutchinson, Cracking and stress redistribution in ceramic layered composites, Materials Science and Engineering Vol.
Kao, Effect of fibre bridging on the fatigue crack propagation in carbon fibre-reinforced aluminum laminates, Materials Science and Engineering Vol.
Qin, Experimental investigations of the effect of thickness on fracture toughness of metallic foils, Materials Science and Engineering Vol.
Ritchie, Laminated Nb/Nb3Al composites: effect of layer thickness on fatigue and fracture behavior, Materials Science and Engineering Vol.

Unlike the well-known porous materials used in construction and engineering, it is proposed to use porous materials with an ordered law of cavity placement.
Such materials can be homogeneous, porous, multilayer, composite and others.
Porous materials are of the greatest interest.
The properties of the studied starting materials are presented in Table 1.
Piovesan, Use of polymer scaf-folding and electroplating to create porous metal structures, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Transactions of the ASME. 141(3) (2019) 034501. doi: 10.1115/1.4042660

The paper is focused on computation of a compressive strength of composite materials by limit analysis.
We can see that the composite materials are much less brittle than the pure coal, see also Figure 1.
These data seem to be relevant to the materials used in [6, 7].
Conclusion We use limit analysis to compute the compressive strengths of composite materials and to visualize failure zones.
Vavro, Digital image based numerical micromechanics of geocomposites with application to chemical grouting, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 77 (2015) 77-88

Most of the paints and varnishes available nowadays are water-based materials.
The traditional approach to producing environmentally friendly materials involves researching and developing materials with a high content of non-volatile substances, usually equal to or greater than 80%.
Glass microspheres were introduced in the market of raw materials for paints and varnishes specifically to create low VOC content materials.
Demidov, Research of the Influence of Silicate Fillers on Water Absorption and Microstructure of Styrene-Acrylic Dispersion Coatings, In Materials Science Forum, 1038 (2021) 61–67, Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Mori, Emission rates of substances from low-volatile-organic-compound paints, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(8) (2019) 4543–4550

Spherical Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials have been successfully synthesized by a spray drying method.
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of LVP/C cathode materials.
Maggay: Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, Vol. 27 (2015) No.27, p.3292
Yu: Materials Letters, Vol. 83 (2012) No.23, p121
Liu: Materials Letters, Vol. 115 (2014) No.2, p.60

Acknowledgement I acknowledge the support by DST, Ministry of science and Technology (Govt. of INDIA) to carry out research work in the field of metaullrgy on the topics of implant materials.
Grande,M.Rosso,Properties of duplex stainless steels made by powder metallurgy,Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, (2007)
Rrack, Tittanium alloys in total joint replacement-A materials science perspective.
Titanium powder sintering for preparation of a porous functionally graded material designed for orthopedic implant[j],journal of material science, materials in medicine,2001, 225-231
Material Science and Engineering, (2013).

Introduction Unlike the behaviour of homogeneous materials, the abrupt change in properties at the interface is one source of failure of composite materials[1].
A bi-material is per definition two materials perfectly bonded with no specific material parameters describing the interface.
Characterisation of Cracks at Bi-material Interfaces There is a fundamental difference between the analysis and interpretation of the stress intensity factors for interface cracks in bi-materials as compared to cracks in homogeneous materials.
Unlike homogeneous materials, bi-materials exhibit a coupling of tensile and shear effects.
Drory: International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 40 (1989), p. 235 [6] R.

Еxamples of implementation in building materials, science Publishing House Belgorod State Technological University named after.
Tolstoy, Fine Grained Concrete, Construction materials and products. 3(1) (2020) 36-43
Lkhasaranov, Composite binders on the basis of pearlite raw material of Transbaikalia, Research Journal of Applied Sciences. 9(12) (2014) 1016-1020
Kharkhardin, A method of obtaining high-density compositions of granular raw materials, Izv.
Vodopyanov, Self-restoration hardening systems of high-strength concrete of a new generation, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 560(1) (2019) 012156

Study on Environmental Materials with Aspergillus Niger as Adsorbent for Sequestering Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution WeiNaXue 1, a, YanBoPeng 2, b ( 1.Depanrment of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China; 2.ShanDong Academy of Environmental Science Jinan 250013,China) aemail:xueweina03@163.com, bemail:helker1981@163.com Key words: Biosorption; Industrial waste Mycelium of Aspergillus niger ; Lead ions; eco-friendly environmental materials Abstract: Mining, smelting, processing, and industrial production emissions of waste heavy metal pollution is serious, and the enrichment of heavy metals, it is difficult to be degraded in the natural environment.
Materials and Methods 2.1.
The functional groups were incorporated to increase the adsorption capacity, to change the pH range for heavy metal adsorption, and to change the adsorption selectivity for the target metal[7] Based on wastes recycling and circular economy, A.niger and other industrial fermentation waste mycelium can be used as a new economic and eco-friendly environmental materials of metal adsorption.
Chemical Engineering Journal,85(2002): 351–355
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 101(2010):504-508

Effect of Electron Beam Injection on the Removal of Metal Impurities in Silicon Yi Tan1, 2, a *, Dayu Pang1, 2, b , Shuang Shi1, 2, c, Wei Dong1, 2, d, Ruixun Zou1, 2, e and Dachuan Jiang1, 2, f 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023 China 2Key Laboratory for Solar Energy Photovoltaic System of Liaoning Province, 116023 China a *tanyi@dlut.edu.cn, bpdayu19870912@163.com, cshish2008@yahoo.com.cn, dw-dong@dlut.edu.cn, eruixun6235@126.com, fcipjjs@126.com Keywords: Electron beam injection; Solar energy materials; Silicon; Oxidation; Metal impurities Abstract.
Electron beam injection(EBI) is a process of gathering the electrons in materials using electron beam(EB).
Fig. 1 Schematic of the principle of removing metal impurities in silicon Experimental Metallurgical grade silicon particles with an initial purity of 99.6% were chosen as experimental materials.
Palais: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 91 (2007), p. 1172 [3] Deal, B.
S.: Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36 (1965), p. 3770 [4] Eicke R and Weber: Applied Physics A., Vol. 30 (1983), p. 1 [5] J.Dabrowski and H-J.Müssig: World Scientific, (2003), p. 322 [6] Won Chel Choi, Min-Suk Lee, Eun Kyu Kim, Chun Keun Kim, Suk-Ki Min, Chong-Yun Park and Jeong Yong Lee: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69 (1996), p. 3402 [7] Wei Dong, Xu Peng, Dachuan Jiang, Yi Tan, Qiang Wang and Guobin Li: Material Science Forum, Vol. 675-677 (2011), p. 41-44 [8] DONG Wei, WANG Qiang, PENG Xu, TAN Yi, JIANG Dachuan and LI Guobin: Chinese Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 24 (2010), p. 592 [9] Noriyoshi Yuge, Kazuhiro Hanazawa and Yoshiei Kato: Materials Transactions, Vol. 45 (2004), p.850 [10] Lau, F., Mader, L., Mazure, C., Werner, Ch. and Orlowski, M: Applied Physics A., Vol. 49 (1989), p. 671