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Aptamers have characteristic spatial structures and are able to bind with their target with high specificity and affinity [4].
Li, Structure-switching signaling aptamers, J.
Li, DNA aptamer folding on gold nanoparticles: from colloid chemistry to biosensors, J.
Li, Structure-switching signaling aptamers: Transducing molecular recognition into fluorescence signaling, Chem.
Yu, Reusable electrochemical sensing platform for highly sensitive detection of small molecules based on structure-switching signaling aptamers, Anal.

Results and discussion Synthesis and structure of poly(NIPAM-co-ALPhe) microgels.
As a result, we concluded that the molecular structure of the microgels prepared was schematically illustrated as shown in Scheme 1.
The structure of the poly(NIPAM-co-ALPhe) microgels was futher confirmed by 1H-NMR.
Progress in Chemistry, 22 (2010) 1457-1470
Journal of Chemistry and Physics, 81 (1984) 6379-6380

ZnO exhibits polytypism, i.e. it has more than one stable crystal structure.
It can exist both in the hexagonal wurtzite and cubic zinc blende structure.
Skrabalak (2009) Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals: simple chemistry meets complex physics?
Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110:16159-16165
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 329: 175–181

Spot samples for methanol were measured using colorimetric detector tubes and samples of long duration by colorimetric diffusion tubes utilizing similar chemistry.
This document illustrates these concepts through a situation that occurred at a shipyard engaged in fabrication of large structures and vessels from aluminum.
The largest and most frequent use occurred during machining using a router to bevel the edges of metal used in frames (transverse structures used to provide the shape of the hull).
These tubes contain aggressive chemistry involving chromate reduction.

Differences in the surface chemistry and bulk structure of different carbon fibers based on poly(acrylonitrile) and pitch and comparison with various graphite samples, Chemistry of Materials 2 (1990) 293–299
Jones, Effect of electrolytic oxidation on the surface chemistry of type a carbon fibres—Part I, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Carbon 32 (1994) 785–794
Guan, Effect of carbon fiber surface chemistry on the interfacial properties of carbon fibers / epoxy resin composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 32 (2013) 393–401
Jones, Effect of electrolytic oxidation upon the surface chemistry of type a carbon fibres: III.
Horn, Interphase formation and fiber matrix adhesion in carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin: Influence of carbon fiber surface chemistry, Composite Interfaces (2017)

FTIR results also indicated the presence of HA and whitlockite structures.
There are alternative ways to produce natural HA structures from calcitic-aragonitic structures such as corals [14,15] and other sea creatures such as cuttle-fish bone [16], sea urchin [17], various sea shells [18,19] and sea snails [20] with classical hydrothermal conversion, hot-plating and ultrasonication.
Also reported in the literature are HA structures made from egg shell waste [21] and land snails [22,23].
In Fig. 4a (untreated sample) the structure can be seen to comprise well defined aragonite layers stacked in various orientations.
Ramazan Samur was also assigned as academic visitor by Marmara University and The Council of Higher Education of Republic of Turkey (YÖK) to University of Technology Sydney (Department of Chemistry, Materials and Forensic Sciences) in Australia for 3 months.

A core-shell structure material, carbon fiber/ZnO was prepared by a surface modification precipitation process in aqueous solution.
The structure, absorptive properties and photoluminescence properties of the composites were investigated.
It is well known that the performance of these devices is influenced by the structure, size and surface area of ZnO.
CFs/ZnO core-shell structure was obtained with 0.08M Zn(NO3)2.
Xie: Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 44(21) (2005),p.7280 [26] Z.X.

Creation of Submicroporous and Nanoporous Structures in Metallic Materials by Laser Thermocycling as Eutectic is Reached Serguei P.
Differences in structure of the pores, which are located on the borders and in the primary dendrites were revealed.
Tiemann, Porous metal oxides as gas sensors, Chemistry-A European Journal. 13(30) (2007) 8376-8388
Tregub, Synthesis of nanoporous structures in metallic materials under laser action, Opt.
Murzin, Exposure to laser radiation for creation of metal materials nanoporous structures, Opt.

Fig.3 Tryptophan fluorescence spectra of GEWP with excitation at 280 nm Fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful tool for research the protein spatial structure, therefore this study using fluorescence spectroscopy for the analysis of protein glycosylation in the change of the spatial structure of different processing time.
This phenomenon may be due to the stretch, glycation process makes the protein spatial structure makes the tryptophan residues from inside the protein gradually transferred to external protein, obvious changes in the tertiary structure of a protein, from the state closely into relatively stretching structure.
From the perspective of the fluorescence intensity of different processing time, combining with the degree of glycation, can think of protein glycation is branched chain reaction, had a little effects on the spatial structure.
[J] Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1989, 37, 433-437 [3] Akihiro Handa, Namio Kuroda.
[J] Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1999, 47, 1845-1850 [4] Chang-Lee, M.

Proof for hollow structure.
The hypothesis of hollow structure was verified by SEM, TEM and CLSM.
The presumption of hollow structure was brought up by the picture of SEM, for some bubbles were observed to be broken or sunken in SEM (Fig 2a).
SEM (a), TEM (b) and CLSM (c) images of bubbles inner structure.
Phospholipid-stabilized microbubbles: Influence of shell chemistry on cavitation threshold and binding to giant uni-lamellar vesicles.