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Research on Peak-to-Average Power Ratio for OFDM System Hao Fang1, a, Wanhua Wei1,b 1Electronic And Information Enginerring College ,Wuhan Donghu University,China affhhaa@126.com , bweiwanhua@126.com Key words: OFDM, PAPR, SLM algorithm, PTS algorithm, Matlab Abstract: OFDM is a special multi-carrier modulation, its basic idea is to make high-speed transmission of data flow through the serial-parallel conversion and make it to be the low-speed transmission of data flow in a number of narrow-band orthogonal sub-channels.
As shown in Fig.2is symbol vector after serial-to-parallel conversion and baseband mapping, X1,X2,…,XV is data vector containing the same information in V channel, and processed after multiplying vector X to V channel, B=[b1,b2,…,bv] V random phase vector of with length of N evenly distributed on the complex vector within a 1 radius of circumference.
Firstly, data vector with sending terminal length of N is divided into v non-overlapping sub-vectors in accordance with adjacent segmentation, random segmentation or interleaving segmentation.
Modified selected mapping technique for PAPR reduction of coded OFDM signal.
Journal of Southeast University, 2005,21(2):123-126 [3]Xiaodong Li,LJ Cimini.Effects of clipping and filtering On the perforamance of OFDM.IEEE,Communications Letters,2007,2(5),pp:131-133 [4] H Ochiai, H Imai.On the distribution of the peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM signals.IEEE Trans on Comm, Feb 2008,49(2),pp:282-289 [5] S.H.Muller and J.B.Huber,“A Novel Peak Power Reduction Scheme for OFDM.“ Proc.IEEE.PIMRC‘97,Helsinki,Finland, Sept.2007,PP.1090-94

The Mn solute content was evaluated from resistivity data and thermoelectric power assuming that only Al6(Fe,Mn) was precipitated [5].
The EBSD data also showed that there was a strong β-fibre rolling texture in the heavily cold worked materials.
Taylor factors calculated from the EBSD texture data show a slight increase during annealing, Table 2.
The fits to the HH97 and SH96 data gave exponents ν = 8.4 and 5.0, respectively, but the same activation energy U=225 kJ/mole.
At ν=8.4 a very good representation of the data in Fig. 4 and an activation energy U=100 kJ/mole is obtained from Eq.1.

Data presented in Table 1.
Unit parameters parameter symbol/unit data Circulating water quantity to heat 1375 Efficiency of boiler 0.942 Generating efficiency 0.415 Run time 5040 The value of standard coal combustion 29260 A water source heat pump can make the circulating water inlet and outlet temperature of 29 ˚C /21 ˚C and the heating end inlet and outlet temperature of 50 ˚C /60 ˚C.Checking the table enthalpy of water, enthalpy value was obtained the corresponding temperature.
Data presented in Table 2.
Water source heat pump parameters parameter symbol/unit data parameter symbol/unit data Water source heat pump water flow 1375 COP 5 Circulating water inlet temperature 29 Circulating water inlet water enthalpy 122.10 Circulating water heating temperature 21 Circulating water heating water enthalpy 88.659 The heating end inlet temperature 50 The heating end inlet water enthalpy 209.85 The heating end outlet temperature 60 The heating end outlet water enthalpy 251.67 Heat capacity of water source heat pump system is the water source heat pump system driven by energy consumption of the sum of electricity and waste heat extracted from the circulating water, the heat absorbed by the condensate, the condensation of water absorbing heat: It absorbs heat into the amount of coal equivalent, in other words this part of the amount of saving coal is the recovery from the waste heat of exhaust steam, the amount of coal equivalent is saved as: The consumed energy water source
References [1] the ‘12th Five-Year Plan’ energy reduction comprehensive reform[J].Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2011(10):2-8

The total polarization resistance was observed about 5530, 4030, 2465 and 2000 Ohms.cm2 in solutions of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 & 1.0 M NaCl respectively indicate reduction of film stability at higher chlorides concentration.
Nyquist plot shows a significant reduction of semicircle radius on addition of Cl- ions.
The fitting data tabulated by best fitting method using Randle circuit are shown in Table 2.
These impedance plots clearly shows a high influence of temperature on passivity due to a significant reduction in total passive film resistance (Rp) when temperature increased from 45˚C to 65˚C.
However, reduction of phase angles from 90˚ shows possibility of in homogeneities on the surface of passive films and high pores structure at higher temperature [7-8].

Specimens in the deformed state (70 and 92% reductions) were cut out parallel to the RD and vacuum-sealed in quartz glass.
The distributions of the misorientations (ψ) found in each grain were determined from EBSD data.
Two neighbor grains display distinct annealing behaviors even after 92% reduction followed by annealing at 1200 o C for 1 h.
The respective pole figures determined from EBSD data are shown in Fig. 2b.
The EBSD data shown in this work confirms the presence of noticeable orientation effects on recrystallization of oligocrystalline tantalum.

The utilisation of Press Hardened Components (PHC) made of manganese-boron steels enable weight saving through the reduction of the sheet metal thickness with sufficient component reliability.
This process utilizes a two-step procedure that allows better cutting performance and reduction of wear on the tool.
The material data used and the damage criterion correspond to [6] and were verified as part of this work.
Using the large notch (test series No. 3), the reduction of the sheet thickness is 40 %.
The reduction of the force is at 41.8 % compared to the un-notched component.

Von Gutfeld and Kordas explain this effect by exclusively a thermal factor (increase the reaction rate of metal reduction with heat), as well as mixing the solution.
In this work we used a number of polyols with different reduction potentials, including those with negative difference of potentials with copper (II) in the solution.
SEM data for copper structures produced when deposited with different reductants: a) ethanol; b) ethylene glycol; c) glycerol; d) xylitol; e) formaldehyde.
Table 2.Reduction potentials of copper (calculated) for copper complexes with EDTA and tartrate in concentrations used in LCLD.
Consider reduction potentials of reducing agents used in the work and their possible change under heating.

Besides acting as a catalyzer for MgO reduction, H3BO3 stabilized also b-Ca2SiO4 in the Mg slag.
Feng Gao et al., using data of fluorite consumption in Pidgeon process and an emission factor, calculated amounts of HF gas emission for different fuel scenarios in China [8, 9].
Section for briquette heating and MgO reduction, b.
The MgO reduction was ended with power-off for the furnace and the vacuum system.
The H3BO3 aided not only the reduction of MgO in briquettes, but stabilized also the β-Ca2SiO4 formed by products of the reduction, CaO and SiO2.

Due to the hundreds of bands hyperspectral imaging involves high dimensional data and provides vast amount of data about a scene.
The data is redundant due to the highly correlation between bands.
The efficiency of blindly unmixing of hyperspectral data can be seen from the achieved results.
[5]C.I Chang, Hyperspectral Data Exploitation: Theory and Applications.
[10]Information on: http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/cuprite.html [11]Muhammad Sohaib, Ihsan-ul-Haq and Qaiser Mushtaq “Dimensional Reduction of Hyperspectral Image Data Using Band Clustering and Selection", in proceeding of Global Congress on Science and Engineering (GCSE 2011)”, Dubai, UAE.

The new and the original data acquisition of relationships between transported oil quantity of each type per period and consumed power are compared.
Although the power saving is not related directly to reduction of the power use, it means to reduce the level of wasted power use or as squandered power without any impact on behavior or quality of production.
Fig. 4 Application uses of adjustable speed sheaves in the belt system Reduction of Hydraulic Volume Flow Mostly, the reduction of hydraulic volume flow will be experienced in motors of both water pump and ventilator.
Power from the measures before the installation of VSD of the oil-pump motor Fig. 6 Power from the measures before the installation of VSD Based on International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) [8], the measurement and data acquisition acquire from the measures of average power which is equal to 1,296 kW.
,Ltd. for supporting all materials based on this paper and the department of electrical engineering, the faculty of engineer, the Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Thailand for all important data support that are very useful for this research.