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Using the characteristics of the different states, materials can be modified selectively to be fitted to the requirements of the work pieces and the production processes.
The possibilities of heat treatment are a reason for the wide range of applications of steels and ferrous materials in many products.
Byrne: TEM study on the surface white layer in two turned hardened steels, Materials Science and Engineering A, 325, Issues 1-2 (2002), pp. 356-364
Kang: A study on the mechanical properties for developing a computer simulation model for heat treatment process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 182/ 1-3 (2007), pp. 65-72
Karimi Taheri: Modelling the temperature distribution and microstructural changes during hot rod rolling of a low carbon steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volumes 125-126 (2002), pp. 89-96

In this research, the material used as the boronized substrate was duplex stainless steel (DSS).
The higher the alloying elements in a material, the smoother the compact interface.
Gao: Journal of Mater.
Yang: Journal of Mater.
Hong: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.

The effects of IH time and the starting materials composition on the phase composition and microstructure were investigated.
However, pure spinel materials have some disadvantages such as difficulty to sintering, low strength, and poor creep-resistance under long exposure to high temperature environment, which limit their applicability under the harsher environment.
The addition of Y2O3 has been found to be effective in improving the mechanical properties thermal-shock properties of MgAl2O4 ceramics materials.
At first, the raw materials were homogenously mixed in polyurethane plastic ball milling tank in ethanol for 4 h at 300 rpm, using corundum ball as grinding medium.
Liu, Experimental study on laser melting of Al2O3/YAG eutectic in situ composite ceramics, Journal of Aeronautical materials, 23 (2003) 171-174

Anchor rod body fits elastic rod wave theory on aspects, geometry form, material and stress conditions, so stress wave method can be applied in anchoring quality testing.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Youth Innovation Foundation (2010NC049).
[3] Beard M D，Lowe M J S, Non～destructive testing of rock bolts using guided ultrasonic waves[J],International Journal of Rock M mechanics and Mining Sciences，2003，40
Journal of Engineering Design. 2010(06) [6] Li Yi, Wang Cheng.
The Experimental Research of Anchoring Quality by Stress Reflection Wave Method, Journal of China Coal Society, 2000, 4, in volume 25, No. 2, 160～164

Quinta-Ferreira: Chemical Engineering Journal 2010, 160, 293
Laursen: Water Science and Technology 2006, 53, 257
Wang: Journal of Environmental Sciences-China 2005, 17, 808
Shi: Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010, 88, 728
Guo: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2009, 34, 9686

Fatigue Analysis of Titanium Welded Joints Using Mesh-Insensitive Structural Stress Approach Fu Libin1, a, Yang Xinhua2,b, Dong Pingsha3,c,and Ren Ruiming1, d 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University.
Material Science and Engineering A280.2000, 171-181
Mechanics of Materials. 41 (2009) 231-243
Journal of Aeronautical Materials. 2005, Vol.25(4):26-29
International Journal of Fatigue. 2001.23/10: 865-876

Optical properties of semiconducting iron disilicide, Journal of Applied Physics. 58(1985)2696-2703
Wang, Preparation of the Kondo insulators FeSi by magnetron sputtering, Materials Science Forum. 663-665(2011)1129-1132
Characterization and preparation of β-FeSi2/Si hetero structure, Journal of Functional Materials. 43(2012)1469-1471.
Relationship between the thickness of β-FeSi2 thin film and the solar photo wavelength, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engieering. 25(2012)315-319
Makita, A thin-film solar cell of high-quality β–FeSi2/Si heterojunction prepared by sputtering, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. 90(2006) 276-282.

Setaka, Journal of Materials Science, 17 (1982) 3106
Snail, Materials Letters, 61 (2007) 2847-2850 [10] F.
Morell, Diamond and Related Materials, 15 (2006) 109
Achard, Diamond and Related Materials, 9 (2000) 1965
Okuda, Diamond and Related Materials, 19 (2010) 1965.

Chen3,d 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Structrural Materials, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, P.R.
Microhardness of the non-smooth surface material is measured on a type HXD-1000 micro-hardometer.
The wear-resistance of the materials is done at a pin-on-disk abrasive wear tester, and the load is 5N.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the Item Sponsored by science and technology Program of Changchun City Jilin Province in China (2009018).
References [1] Ren Lu-quan., Xu De-sheng, et al: Transac.of the CSAE Vol. 17-3 (2001), p. 7 [2] Ren L Q, Wang Z Z, Han Z W: Transactions of Agriculture Machine Vol. 34-2 (2003), p. 86 [3] Ren L Q, Li J Q, Chen B C, et al: Chinese Science Bulletin Vol. 40-13 (1995), p. 1077 [4] Ren Luquan, Tong Jin, Zhang Shujun: Journal of Terramechanics Vol .32-6 (1995), p. 303 [5] Zhou H, Shan H Y, Ren L Q: Mater Sci Eng Vol . 417A (2006), p. 190 [6] Song Qi-fei, Zhou Hong, Li Yue, et al: Wear Vol. 26 (2006), p. 24 [7] Zhou H, Chen L, Wang W, et al: Mater Sci Eng Vol. 412A (2005), p. 323 [8] Chen L.

By means of introducing different groups and nucleophilic substitution reaction, a variety of functional materials which include from a biologically inert to the biologically active materials, water-soluble to a hydrolyzable polymer, the electronic insulating to conductive material, the elastomer to the glassy substance can be obtained.
It can be processed into the soft flame-retardant material (such as films), special rubber, low temperature elastomeric material, liquid crystal materials, ion exchange materials, catalysts, high and low temperature resistant coatings, adhesives, polymer electrolyte, gas separation membranes, biomedical materials, nonlinear optical materials[1-5], and have important applications in military industrial, petrochemical, aerospace, performance materials, and biomedical fields[6-9].
Experimental section Materials and reagents.
Allcock, in: Phosphezene high polymers in comprehensive polymer science, edtied by S.
James: Journal of Molecular Structure, 729(2005), p. 239