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Sopyan4,f 1Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Ceramics Technology Laboratory, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43009 Selangor, Malaysia 3Ceramics Technology Group, SIRIM Berhad, 1 Persiaran Dato Menteri, Shah Alam, Malaysia 4Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia akityee7@siswa.um.edu.my, bchrisckm@siswa.um.edu.my, cramesh79@um.edu.my, dchouyong@uniten.edu.my, ewdteng@sirim.my, fsopyan@iium.edu.my Keywords: Forsterite, Fracture toughness, Hardness.
Hench, Bioceramics: From concept to clinic, Journal of American Ceramic Society. 74 (1991) 1487-1506
Ceramics International. 33 (2007) 1363-1367
Emadi, Improving degradation rate and apatite formation ability of nanostructure forsterite, Ceramics International. 37 (2011) 2275-2280
Chang, Preparation and characterization of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) bioceramics, Ceramics International. 33 (2007) 83–88

Key Engineering Materials Vol. 814, (2019) 12-18
Fouladi, 2019 Effects of CeO2 Addition on Slip-Cast Yttria Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals Toughened Alumina (ZTA), Key Engineering Materials, 814 (2019) 340-346
Ceramics International, 44 no.12 (2018) 14811-14816
Baharvandi, Effects of additive amount, testing method, fabrication process and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of Al2O3/3Y-TZP composites, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 191 (2018) 446-460
Wu, Two-step sintering of fine alumina–zirconia ceramics, Ceramics International, 35 no.4 (2009) 1467-1472

Preparetion of C/SiC Composites by SLA-intergrated Liquid Silicon Infiltration Method Jie Jin1, a, Shenhao Wang2,b College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, china abluejinjie@126.com, bwang-shenhao@163.com Keywords: ceramic,rapid prototype,SiC, phenolic.
[2] CUI Zhizhong, LI Dichen, LI Jishun: Study on Novel Procedure for Complex-shaped SiC Components ( Engineering,China ,2008)
[3] B.Mondal, S.Kundu, A.K.Lohar, B.C.pai: Net-shape Manufacturing of Intricate Components of A356/SiCp Composite through Rapid-prototyping-integrated Investment Casting (Materials Science and Engineering A,2008)
[5] F.J.Clemens, V.Wallquist, W.Buchser, M.Wegmann, T.Graule: Silicon Carbide Fiber-shaped Microtools by Extrusion and Sintering SiC with and without Carbon Powder Sintering Additive (Ceramics International,2007)
[10] CUI Zhizhong, LI Dichen, LI Jishun, DUAN Yugang: Reaction Mechanism of SiC Ceramic Composites Parts Derived from Phenolic Resin Template (Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2007)

This strength strongly depends on ceramic bond.
Therefore the process engineers' objective is searching for such structural designs for binders and mechanisms of grain restrain in them, which make it possible for them to be gradually worn, and not torn away from the binder.
Glass is used as ceramic binder for bonding CBN at advanced technological solutions.
Diffraction pattern of glass-ceramic binder D (diopside) Fig.4.
Hitchiner, B.Mills ; High-speed grinding with CBN grinding wheels-applications and future technology, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 110(2001), p.78-88 [5] D.Herman, J.Markul: Influence of microstructures of binder and abrasive grain on selected operational properties of ceramic grinding wheels made of alumina, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol.

The hollow RP pattern has been used directly to produce ceramic moulds.
M., N.Saleh: Material and design considerations for rapid manufacturing, International Journal of Production Research 42(22), (2004),4691-4708
Neto: The importance of Rapid Tooling in Product Development, Key Engineering Materials 230-232: 169-172, [2009]
Atzeni : Direct metal rapid casting: Mechanical optimization and tolerance calculation, Rapid Prototyping Journal 15(2009), 238-243
[15] Munish Chhabra and Rupinder Singh, : Experimental investigation of pattern less casting solution using additive manufacturing technique, MIT International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.1, (2011), pp 16-24

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Investigations of the Frictional Wear Characteristics of Nanometric Zirconia Ceramics Changhe Li1,a, Lingyun Qi1,b, Lingang Li1,c and Yucheng Ding1,d 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, 266033 China aSy_lichanghe@163.com, bChinaren163@126.com, clingang-219@163.com, ddyc@163.com Keywords: Nanometric zirconia; Dental ceramics; Frictional wear characteristics Abstract.
Key Engineering Materials, Vols.259-260 (2004), p.302-306 [2] B.Lin, H.Wu, H.T.Zhu And S.Y.Yu.
Key Engineering Materials, Vols.259-260 (2004), p.211-215 [3] Li Chang-he, Cai Guang-qi, Xiu Shi-chao,et al.
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Xiu: Key Engineering Materials Vols.375-376(2008), p. 449-453.

This paper studied on micro/macro-structure of porous bio-ceramics with hierarchical structures in different scales.
Comprehensive study on hierarchical porous bio-ceramics needs to multi-scale modeling the whole structure and establish the relationship between each scale.
The structure of hierarchical porous bio-ceramics shows in Fig. 2.
Belytschko: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 46 (1999) No. 1, pp. 131-150 [4] S.S.
Feng: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B-Applied Biomaterials, Vol. 69B (2004) No. 2, pp. 158-165.

We found that the hydrothermal treatment of the ATZ ceramic did not significantly influence these parameters, unlike those of a single-phase ZrO2 ceramic.
The mechanical parameters obtained with ZTA ceramics are between those of the two single-phase Al2O3 and ZrO2 materials, whereas the strengths achieved with ATZ ceramics are markedly above those of any ZrO2 ceramics.
ATZ ceramic offers increased strength and fracture toughness connected with improvement of reliability and safety of the composite ceramic.
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DKG 80; 2003; No.4; S.E 27-34 [7] Lawson, Gill, Dransfield: Hydrothermal and Corrosive Degradation of Y-TZP; Key Engineering Materials Vol. 113; 1996; S. 207-214 [8] M.Hirano, H.Inada: Hydrothermal stability of yttria- and ceria.doped tetragonal zirconia-alumina composites; Journal of Material Science 26; 1991; S. 5047-5052 [9] J.J.Swab:Low temperature degradation of Y-TZP materials; Journal of Material Science 26; 1991; S.6706 [10] ISO standard 7206/2: Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses Part 2: Articulating surfaces made of metallic, ceramic and plastics materials; International Organization for Standardization; 1996

Ya-Jing Han at School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University for technical support.
Effect of interfacial structure on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanofibers reinforced aluminum nitride composites, Ceramics International 39 (2013) 3365–3370 [10] S.
Carbon nanofiber reinforced alumina nanocomposites: Fabrication and mechanical properties, Materials Science and Engineering A 447 (2007) 44–50 [11] A.
Effect of carbon nanofibers content on thermal properties of ceramic nanocomposites, Journal of Composite Materials 46(10) (2012) 1229–1234 [12] K.
Mechanical properties of simultaneously synthesized and consolidated carbon nanofiber (CNF)-dispersed SiC composites by pulsed electric-current pressure sintering, Materials Science and Engineering A 458(2007) 216–225

International journal of cast metals research, 2004, 17(1): 23-7
Study of Interfacial Reaction between TiAl Alloys and Four Ceramic Molds, Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2008, 37(6): 0956~0959
Materials Science and Engineering, 2003, 43:1–59
Journal of Materials Science, 1990, 25: 2312-20
Investigation of Interfacial Reaction between High Cr Content Cast Nickel Based Superalloy K4648 and Ceramic Cores, Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2012, 32(3): 10-22