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Elmahdy1,e 1Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Science and Technology Center of Excellence (STCE), El-Salam City, Cairo, Egypt.
Cui, Nanoscale photon management in silicon solar cells, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 30 (2012) 1-11
Bertomeu, Aluminum induced texturing of glass substrates with improved light management for thin film solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 147 (2016) 276-280
Kumar, Glass surface etching with Aluminium-induced texture process for thin film solar cell applications, Materials Letters, 221 (2018) 305-308
Green, Developments in the aluminium induced texturing (AIT) glass process, Glass Technology-European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A, 53 (2012) 158-165.

In the past decade one of the most promising area of the development of thermoelectric materials was the use of nanostructured materials [2].
In the case of bismuth telluride based materials, that have a layered structure and can be easily cleaved along these layers, the use of polycrystalline materials improves their mechanical properties.
Materials Science and Engineering R 63, 127 (2009) [8]8 M.
Materials Science and Engineering A 394, 139 (2005) [14]14 Cengel Y.A., Ghajar A.J.
Semiconductor Thermoelectric Materials Based on Bi2Te3.

Nowadays, the research in polymer materials is increasingly focusing on the development of composites, which have attracted a great deal of interest from material scientists since their applications have dramatically improved material properties in engineering plastics, enhanced rubber, coatings, and adhesives[3-5].
Experimental Materials.
Journal of Power Sources Vol.195 (2010), p.263 [3] M.
Applied Surface Science Vol.254 (2008), p.3745 [7] Z.
Progress in Polymer Science Vol. 35(2010), p.357 [8] S.

FSW is a welding method that joins materials using the frictional heat generated as a rotating pin moves across the contact surface of the materials.
Sangid, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures.
Saito, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 32 (2023) 1589-1600
Ohmura, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 21 (2020) 593-608
Cai, Materials (Basel). 15 (2022) 652

But it leads to strong adulteration of the weld metal with the metal base and finally to the reduction of the performance attributes of the coating structure and increased consumption of expensive surfacing materials.
Due to the welding in the narrow intermediate area there appears a new transitional alloy with an averaged composition in accordance with the share of the main and the welding materials.
Korotkov, Wear resistance of plasma-hardened materials, Journal of Friction and Wear. 1 (2011) 17-32
Kesler, Plasma Spray Processing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, in: Proceeding of Materials Science Forum. 439-543 (2006) 1385-1390
Herman, Solid Particle Erosion of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings, Materials Research. 1 (2004) 147-153

Fig. 1 Layout of disc cutter Material model.
The rock material is *Mat_Johnson_Holmquist_Concrete.
Material parameters are illustrated in Table 1.
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 Program, No. 2013CB035401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51074180，51274252) References [1] Hou-Mei Z: Tunnel Construction, Vol. 26(2006), P.1~7 [2] Jung-Woo Cho, Seokwon Jeon, Sang-Hwa Yu,Soo-Ho Chang: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.25(2010), P.230~244 [3] Gang L, Wanshan W: Journal of Harbin Engineering University, Vol. 33(2012), P.1~5 [4] Shen B, Xia Y M, Gu J J: Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 353(2013), P.1417~1421
[5] Gertsch R, Gertsch L, Rostami J: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 44(2007), P.238~246 [6] Moon T.

Developing reinforced concrete materials in the early 20th century as the Zeiss planetarium in Germany was the start of a new tradition of thin concrete shell structures [1].
This, combined with the development of new materials and computational structural analysis tools opened the path for design optimization in structures.
This model combines the membrane and bending states, however concrete materials are known for resistance efficiency to compressive stresses and weakness to tensile stresses, the later ones are induced by bending moment.
Peerdeman, Analysis of thin concrete shells revisited: Opportunities due to innovations in materials and analysis methods, Master's thesis, Delf University of Technology, the Nitherlands, (2008) 30-50
Bathe, The finite element analysis of shells-Fundamentals, Springer Science & Business Media, Place Published, 2010

Air pollution is a situation in which substances that result from anthropogenic activities are present at concentrations sufficiently high above their normal ambient levels to produce a measurable effect on humans, animals, vegetations, or materials [4,5].
It is known that when wind moves, it moves along with it (wind borne materials) atmospheric pollutants, gaseous and particulate matter and whatever is present in the atmosphere.
Before analysing the plots it is necessary to describe the atmospheric boundary layers where the windborne materials traverse.
Syed, Atmospheric Corrosion of Materials, Emirate Journal for Engineering Research, 11(1), (2006) 1 – 24
Gordon, Receptor Models, Environmental Science and Technology, 14, (1980) 792 – 800

The general situation Experimental materials Cement is saima brand which made by Ningxia saima industrial Co.
[2] J Peng.Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering, vol. 8 (2008):140-141
Journal of building materials, vol. 12 (2009):379-383
Materials Review, vol.4 (2009):65-67
Journal of building materials, vol. 14, (2011) :124-131.

Improvement in efficiency of energy conversion requires the use of high temperature materials in thermal power plants.
Program on materials technology for ultra-supercritical coal power plants, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 14 (3) (2005) 281-292
Shingledecker, The US DOE/OCDO A-USC materials technology R&D program, Materials for Ultra-Supercritical and Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants, 2017, pp. 689-713
Specht, Weldability of HAYNES 282 alloy for new fabrications and after service exposure, Energy Materials, 4 (2) (2009) 84-91
Ojo, Influence of laser welding heat input on HAZ cracking in newly developed Haynes 282 superalloy, Materials Science and Technology, 28 (4) (2012) 431-436