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Although anatase TiO2 exhibits superior photocatalytic properties as well as a number of interesting behaviors, experimental investigations on anatase single-crystal surfaces have been very limited and existing results remain controversial.
The products were determined to be anatase phase (JCPDS card no.83-2243) with some traces of brookite phase for the cases of TiO2 and TiO2+2 at.% Sc.

Introduction White light-emitting diode (LED) which called the fourth generation lighting source will beyond Incandescent, fluorescent lamp, HID lamp, it has a number of advantages such as small size, low energy consumption, responding quickly, reliability, no pollution and long lifetime, therefore has a remarkable energy and vast prospects for the future of the light of market [1-2].
The diffraction result is in agreement with the standard JCPDS card No. 3520592.

The diffraction peaks are indexed as (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (420) and (422) by comparing JCPDS file (Card No: 65-7162) which reveals the cubic structure of PbTe.
Lindemann equation is employed to evaluate the melting point of PbTe nanoparticles which is given by the following equation: (5) where CLind is the Lindemann parameter in cm gm1/2 K1/2 mol-5/6, Tmelt is the melting point in K, N is Avagadro’s number in mol-1, m is the molecular mass in gm and V is the molar volume in cm3 mol-1.

The morphology and size of the CuO nanostructures has been controlled by a number of different techniques.
All the diffraction peaks can be clearly indexed to the monoclinic CuO phase and match with JCPDS card no. 05-0661.

At the molecular level, of the total amino acid residues, cysteine residues occupy up to 20% in number [8].
There are three peaks at 26.1°, 30.2° and 43.2°, and according to PDF card (JCPDS NO.65-0302) they correspond to crystal planes (111), (200) and (220) respectively.

Fig.1 shows the typical XRD pattern of the Bi2S3 nanostructure, and from the pattern we can see that all of the diffraction peaks could be readily indexed as the pure orthorhombic structured of Bi2S3 with lattice constant of a=11.11Å, b=11.25Å and c=3.970Å, which is nearly consistent with the literature date (JCPDS card No.65-2435).
The size of these nanorods changed little, but the number of the pine-like structure was increased to 20%.

All the peaks are assigned to rhombohedral structure with R3c space group (JCPDS card number: 71-2494).

Sample codes Liquid solutionsa Concentrations (mol/l) Setting times (min) b CPC Di-water - No setting CPC_0.5Na NaOH 0.5 No setting CPC_1.0Na 1.0 No setting CPC_3.0Na 3.0 98±6 CPC_5.0Na 5.0 422±11 CPC_0.5NaP Na2HPO4 0.5 No setting CPC_1.0NaP 1.0 No setting CPC_3.0NaP 3.0 7±0.5 CPC_5.0NaPc 5.0 - Remarks: a Powder to liquid ratio, P/L = 2 b Number of samples (n) used in the test = 10 c Dissolution limit of Na2HPO4 = 3 mol/l A set of XRD patterns of CPC samples prepared using different conditions and concentrations, of each liquid solution, is shown in Fig. 1 (a)-(b).
It is found that CPC prepared using lower concentration NaOH solution, characteristic peaks of DCPD are the main peaks mixed with CaCO3 peaks based on JCPDS card no. 72-1240 and 86-2334, respectively.

The obtained XRD spectrum of the YAG glass-ceramic powder is identical with JCPDS Card No. 791892 and no other phase can be assigned in the pattern, indicating that crystallization of pure-phase YAG was successfully achieved without secondary impurities by the controlled crystallization of the precursor glass at 1350°C for 6 hours.
Compared with the diffraction spectrum of the powder sample, the peak number of the bulk XRD pattern diminished obviously, and the strongest peak also changed from the crystal face of (420) to (444), and the relative intensity between the strongest peak and other peaks became larger, which demonstrates that the crystal grow with highly preferred orientation (444) in the bulk material.

However, the ω value in present work was keep constant throughout the preparation process in order to maintain the droplet size and total droplet numbers in the solution, which could guarantee the formation of uniform gold shells.
The XRD pattern showed four 2θ peak positions (38.4, 44.5, 64.8, and 77.9), which corresponded to the {111}, {200}, {220}, and {311} lattice planes of the face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice of pure gold (JCPDS card No.04-0784).