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The macroscopic and microscopic factors influencing reflectivity can be considered in the reflectance analysis.
Microscopic factors, such as material composition and structure, with defects or impurities, also play a role.
Microscopic factors, such as material composition and structure, including defects or impurities, also affect transmittance.
Additionally, at the microscale, friction is affected by the mechanical and tribological properties of the surfaces, such as their elasticity, plasticity, and wear resistance.
Depending on the application, materials may need specific mechanical properties or surface chemistry

Among that, the toughness is seem to be the key factor to control fracture failure for the pipeline.
Their mechanical properties are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Mechanical Properties of Test Materials Material Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Rm [Mpa] Rp0.2[Mpa] [%] base metal 713 643 38 weld 696 601 26.5 The fracture toughness test was performed as Chinese GB/T 21143 [3].
But it also brings a question whether these methods will affect the accuracy of fracture toughness test or not.
KIC is the critical stress intensity factor of the pipe material.

This paper presents the results of a study on a joint slope deformation affecting the western slope of the GuangYang highway (YangQuan, China).
Properties of rock masses.
The properties of joints are listed in Table 3.
Factors of safety were determined within a tolerance of 0.05.
As the SRF is increased, the strength properties are decreased.

Due to friction phenomena factors involve a lot of aspects; therefore different scholars put forward different friction theory, such as mechanical meshing theory, molecule theory, and adhesive friction theory and so on, so there must be inevitable wear during friction process.
The VC content was varied from 40vol.% to 70vol.% in order to know the effect of VC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of VC/Fe-based composites, and take into account the practical application requires.
Results and Discussions Effect of loading and revolving speed on the friction properties of VC/Fe-based composites.
Compactness and hardness will affect the changes of binding force between the particles.
Conclusions This paper studies the friction properties of VC/Fe-based composites.

FOREWORD Geometry of the cut obtained in abrasive waterjet cutting processing (AWJ) which provides the cut quality represents one of the main issues affecting the accuracy of AWJ cutting precision [1,2].
This consistency is determined by type, quality and wear of the water nozzle and abrasive focusing tube; • properties of abrasive used. 2.
Chemical composition together with mechanical properties for this material are found in Table 1 [5,6] .
Table.1 Chemical and mechanical characteristics of the researched steel Chemical elements (wt. %) C Cr Ni Mn Si P S Mo Fe 0.02 18.2 10.1 1.75 0.63 0.028 0.024 0.08 69.188 Mechanical properties Yield strength Rp0,2 [MPa] Tensile strength Rm [MPa] Elongation A5 [%] Hardness HB ISO – V break energy at 25 ˚ C [J] 280 580 55 165 225 This type of processing, regarded as unconventional, generally provides a high degree of quality and productivity of cuts.
Qualitative analysis of AWJ factors affecting the surface roughness, Wissenschaftliche Beitraege, TFH Wildau, Germany, pp. 113-119, 2006

A chemical composition of DP800 steel in mass percentage Sheet metal C Si Mn P S Nb V B Fe DP800 0,129 0,2 1,52 0,014 0,003 0,015 0,02 0,0003 rest The mechanical properties of the base materials are shown in Table 3.
The mechanical properties of the base materials Base material Rm [MPa] Rp0,2 [MPa] A50 [%] 5754-H22 220 137 22 6082-T6 348 303 15 DP800 873 599 13 The creation of a mixed bond between aluminum and steel is hampered by several factors.
Based on the literature [5, 9, 10], it became clear that the goal is the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the plane of the joint during welding and its properties can affect the mechanical properties.
According to the literature [5, 7], the properties of this layer fundamentally determine the properties of the joint.
It is worth examining the thickness of the layer, which can have a serious effect on the mechanical properties.

There have been no other impedance influence factors such as loads or stress change studied.
The inline vibration frequency will not be affected by increased stretch due to linear elasticity and linear superposition property, while the transverse oscillation frequency will increase as the stretch force increases due to the nonlinear relationships between the stretch and vibration frequency.
The Impedance Method The impedance method uses PZT patches adhered to structure surfaces to excite and sense vibration by the property of that a PZT patch produces electrical charge when stressed mechanically and produces mechanical strain when an electrical field is applied.
Shear force added to right half of the beam by the PZT patch and resulting forces at the cross section The dynamic response will also depend on other system properties such as mass, stiffness and damping coefficient of the beam, however it is believed that the static properties (5-8) can still indicate what form of vibration of the beam will mainly be activated.
Rao: Mechanical Vibrations, 4 th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall (2004)

Thermophysical properties of the developed syntactic foams were analyzed in this work.
The choice of a binder largely determines the physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of syntactic foams.
In previously published works [13-16], the physical-mechanical properties of syntactic foams based on organosilicon binders and hollow glass microspheres were considered.
Meador, Carbon nanotube epoxy nano-composites: the effects of interfacial modifications on dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposite, ACS Appl.
Bai, Mechanical and electrical properties of a MWNT/epoxy composite, Compos.

Degradation of mechanical properties is the other effect of hydrogen upon metals.
Simultaneously, diffusing of hydrogen and degradation of properties, crack stars growing until complete failure of whole material.
Material properties like yield stress, elastic modulus and density are given by Table 2 [5].
Also, stress intensity factors relates to the energy release rate.
Also, stress intensity factors relates to the energy release rate.

Results obtained indicate that imperfect interface properties can be effectively evaluated by Love wave propagation under some certain conditions.
Both theoretical and experimental analyses are carried out to investigate the effect of the factor on the properties of Love waves.
Fig. 2 Effect of interface property factor on the group velocity of Love wave From the results shown in Fig. 2, we can observe the fact that imperfection interface factor actually affect the propagation of Love wave in piezoelectric layered structure.
This factor directly concerned with the properties of adhesion layer between the layer and the substrate.
By theoretical prediction and experimental investigation, following conclusions can be drawn: Interface property factor directly concerned with the properties of the adhesive layer, it indicates the interface state of the layered structures.