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The observed lattice values agree with the hexagonal phase of ZnO (JCPDS card 36-1451).
A number of studies have suggested, two mechanisms for the interaction between ZnO and bacteria that are (i) the production of increased levels of ROS, mostly hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen [10], and (ii) deposition of the ZnO on the surface of bacteria or gathering of ZnO either in the cytoplasm or in the periplasmic region causing disruption of cellular function and/or disruption and disorganization of membranes [11].

When the graphite oxide dissolved in 1–hexanol, its surface formed a number of negative charges because of its surface contain a variety of functional groups including carboxyl, hydroxy, epoxy and ketone.
These diffraction lines is in good agreement with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card 43-1003 and provide clear evidence of the formation of Co3O4 [12].The broad diffraction peak at 2q of 12°–36° can be indexed to the disorderedly stacked rGO sheets, which indicates some of the oxygen-containing functional group were removed and the formation of rGO.

The peak position and the peak intensity is in good agreement with the data based on JCPDS card No. 01-070-8070.
Zn (OH)2 + 2OH-→ ZnO22-+ 2H2O (3) ZnO2 2-+ 2H2O → ZnO (4) The high supersaturation of Zn2+ and OH- will yield ZnO22- precipitate whereby a large number of ZnO22- nuclei or particles will be produces until the supersaturation is depleted.

Kaolinite shows the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks which matches well with the file card of kaolinite (JCPDS-89-6538), indicating that kaolinite possesses a high purity.
Langmuir isotherm is suitable to explain mono-layer adsorption onto a homogeneous surface with a finite number of identical sites [6,13].

A number of investigations have been reported on studying the effect of composition on electromagnetic wave absorbing properties[1–6].
From Fig.1a, the diffraction patterns and relative intensities of all diffraction peaks matched well those of JCPDS card 22-1086 for Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite.

Except for the sample of x = 0.3 with a amount of impurity Co3O4 marked by squareness and MgO marked by asterisks, all XRD patterns are in accordance with the standard JCPDS card (NO. 23-0110) of Ca3Co4O9.
According to the Wiedenmann-Franz’s law, κc = LσT, where L is the Lorenz number.

The composition of synthetic HAp is similar to bone mineral; however, there are a number of distinct differences between the two materials in terms of their trace ion contents.
The (100), (200) and (300) reflections of the apatite fibres were more intense than those of the typical HAp listed in JCPDS card #9-432 (Fig. 1(a)); however, the XRD pattern of crushed fibres was more similar to that of typical HAp.

The lattice constant for the crystal phase formed in Sm3+ doped YAG glass ceramics is calculated to be 1.200nm, which is extremely close to 1.201nm of the pure YAG crystal phase (JCPDS Card No. 791892).
Compared with the diffraction pattern of the powder sample, the peak number of the bulk sample decreased obviously.

The crystallinity of ZnAl2O4Ca is evidenced by the recorded diffraction peaks at Bragg angles 32.0, 36.34, 45.0, 48.2, 56.0, 57.0, and 59.2, which correspond to planes (220), (311), (400), (331), (422), (422) and (511), as well as JCPDS card no. 05-0669.
Additionally, we observed the ZnO peak at the Bragg angle 34.55 of the plane (101), which is found well matched with JCPDS card 1-1146.
Fig. 3 shows the FTIR spectrum of the sample plotted in the wave number ranges from 400 to 4000 cm-1.

The main phase of all the samples can be identified as LiFePO4 with an ordered olivine structure indexed to orthorhombic Pnmb (JCPDS card number: 40-1499) [34].
All samples reveal a single-phase LiFePO4 with an ordered olivine structure indexed by orthorhombic Pnma (JCPDS card no. 83-2092) [34].