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Larsen2,5,d 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia 2Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway 3Hydro Aluminium, Research and Technology Development, Norway. 4SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465, Trondheim, Norway 5Structural Impact Laboratory (SIMLab), NTNU, Norway aaniz.9949@gmail.com, bodd-geir.lademo@ntnu.no, cole.myhr@ntnu.no, and dper.larsen@ntnu.no Keywords: non-local approach, simulation, DIC, welded specimen, and tensile test.
The remaining of the specimen, i.e. the HAZ and base metal, were modelled by using a user-defined material model (*MAT_USER_DEFINED_MATERIALS), in which the yield stress and the work hardening are modelled by means of NaMo [9,10,11].
Furthermore, it has been successfully used in previous studies of cast materials [12,13,14].
Pedersen, A combined precipitation, yield strength and work hardening model for Al-Mg-Si alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 22 June 2010
Hopperstad, Experimental and numerical investigation of fracture in a cast aluminium alloy, International Journal of Solids and Structures 47 (2010) 3352-3365

Above all, magnetic characteristics measurement method is known superior in distinguishing the degradation degree of long-term served materials.
Therefore, if obtained the correlation between Larson-Miller parameter and FATT of the various degradation materials at the specific temperature, it can be predicted the change of FATT by the time at certain temperature.
Table 3 shows the grid intersection ratios from the eight kinds of artificial aging materials which have different time to process the heat treatment at each temperature of three kinds.
Therefore, in the case of magnetic characteristics method, it may be difficult to decide degradation degree by comparing the magnetic characteristics values obtained from specific heat treatment materials directly with the magnetic characteristics value of specimens aged at different temperature.
Son, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 222 (2000), pp. 128-132

Efforts in this direction have led to the development of chitosan clay nano composites, which are known to combine the physical and chemical properties of both inorganic and organic materials and would also be biodegradable.
Materials and Methods Preparation of Chitosan Beads The Chitosan used in this study is procured from India Sea Foods, Kochi.
The organic materials will link with the metal and metal oxides by coordination covalent bonds.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Observations Figure 4 shows SEM images of the surface of Ni and SnO2 loaded Chitosan materials.
Karabacak, Journal of Molecular Structure, 985 (2011) 148-156

Ballistic Performance Evaluation of Kevlar-Glass Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminate against Medium Velocity Impact Saurabh S Kumar1,a*, Dr.Rajesh G Babu2,b and U.Magarajan3,c 1Scientific officer, Ballistic Research Centre & Testing Range, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhi nagar, India 2Associate Professor, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhi nagar, India 3Assistant Professor, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India.
Coban, “Detecting impact damages in an aramid/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composite with micro tomography,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 445, pp. 9–14, 2012, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.445.9
Ajir, “High velocity impact damage analysis for glass epoxy - Laminated plates,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 399–401, pp. 2318–2328, 2012, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.399-401.2318
Naik, “Ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composites,” Materials and Design, vol. 44, no.
Pan, “Influence of fabric structure and thickness on the ballistic impact behavior of Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composite laminate,” Materials and Design, vol. 54, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.08.074

Strizhak, Emissions from the combustion of high-potential slurry fuels, Environmental science and pollution research international 29 (2022) 37989–38005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17727-5
Steinfeld, Morphological Characterization and Effective Thermal Conductivity of Dual-Scale Reticulated Porous Structures, Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 7 (2014) 7173–7195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7117173
Yadav, Thermal analysis of cubic receiver for different materials using ANSYS, in: 3rd International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics (ICC-2019)
Chudnovskii, Thermophysical characteristics of disperse materials, GIFML, Moscow 22 (1962)
Glicksman, A Basic Study of Heat Transfer Through Foam Insulation, Journal of Cellular Plastics 20 (1984) 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955x8402000203

Preparation of membranes: Membrane materials with uniform thickness were prepared by casting method at DMF as solvent, with sample size of 30 × 20 × 0.5mm.
Morooka,M.Norimoto and T.Yamada:Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.32 (1986),p.3575 [12] Zhang Li Na, Cai Jie, Zhou Jinping.Chinese Patent 03128386.(2005) [13] Jinping Zhou, Qian Li,Yongbo Song, Lina Zhang: Polymer Chemistry Vol.1(2010),p. 1662 [14] Charles W.
Patent 3,097,956.(1963) [16] Shao Zi-qiang, Wang Fei-jun :Polymer Materials Science & Engineering .Vol. 8 (2010) ,p. 18 [17] Shao Zi-qiang, Wang Wen-jun:Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 7 (2010) ,p. 16 [18] Heman Jun,Polymer Physics [M].
Cellulose and its biochemical [M].beijing：Science Press,958：65-73 [23] Philippb.Lignocellulosics-science,technology development and use [M].
Sadovnikova et al:Polymer Science Vol.10 (1968), p.223

Therefore the effect of high strain rate events on composite materials requires further investigation.
The DIC technique has been successfully used to analyse the strains in heterogeneous engineering materials such as composites [7].
Testing of composite materials at high rates of strain: advances and challenges.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 77(1-3):327-336, 1998
Composites Science and Technology, 67: 2417-2427, 2007

Experimental work Materials.
Fig. 1 Particle distribution of the coarse aggregate, sand and fines used in this study, as raw materials and combined.
Saalwächter: Applied Clay Science, Vol. 87 (2014) p. 189-196
Barbosa:Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 517 (2012) p. 622-627
Barbosa:Key Engineering Materials Vol. 517 (2012) p. 617-621

Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK 3.
School of Engineering Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 4.
Abstract A method for fabrication of mineral materials was studied.
We report here on the implementation of design and fabrication of these scaffolds for photonic band gap materials.
Sindel, Fast, Functional Prototypes via Multiphase Jet Solidification, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 1(1995), PP. 20-25

As a result of the increasing the cost of construction materials, especially cement, crushed stone, fine sand; there is the need to investigate the use of the alternate building materials which are locally available.
This threat to our ecology has led to many investigations in this usage of industrial by product as supplementary materials in making concrete.
International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, Volume 3, Issue 6,189-194, (2015)
,Evaluation of Bagasse Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material , Journal of Cement and Concrete Composites 29, 515-524, (2007)
[8] IS 2386 (Part-2) of Estimation of deleterious materials and organic impurities 1963