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[9] Takahashi S, Yoshida S, Sasaki T, Hughes T, “Dynamic ESPI Evaluation of Deformation and Fracture Mechanism of 7075 Aluminum Alloy”, Materials 14(2021), 1530
[11] Ranc N, Du W, Ranc I, Wagner D, “Experimental studies of Portevin-Le Chatelier plastic instabilities in carbon-manganese steels by infrared pyrometry”, Materials Science and Engineering: A 663(2016),166-173
[12] Louche H, Chrysochoos A, “Thermal and dissipative effects accompanying Lüders band propagation”, Materials Science and Engineering: A 307(2001), 15-22
[13] Zheng Q, Mashiwa N, Furushima T, “Evaluation of large plastic deformation for metals by a non-contacting technique using digital image correlation with laser speckles”, Materials & Design 191(2020),108626
[14] Yuzbekova D, Mogucheva A, Borisova Y, Kaibyshev R, “On the mechanisms of nucleation and subsequent development of the PLC bands in an AlMg alloy”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 868(2021),159135

The fatigue test has been done in reference to “Standard test methods for fiber reinforced concrete” (CECS 13:2009) .Test is done on the MTS810 material testing machine in the United States, using a common form of four-point bending with the contact mode of load and beam for the line contact, data acquisition using the DH5937 dynamic strain indicator.
In other words, it can make the fatigue life better to mix glass fiber in concrete beam Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2007A0015Z).
Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition,2004,32(10):71-75 [3] Cheng Yi, Heping Xie, Huafei Sun.
Steel fiber concrete fatigue fracture performance and Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003(in Chinese) [4] Jingzhao Shi, Xingzhao Yang, Xinchang Chen.
Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2009,43(4):405-409(in Chinese)

The objective of the problem is to minimize the total cost of the material, forming and welding of a cylindrical vessel.
Acknowledment The research is sponsored by Guangdong Science and Technology Project( 2010A040307001), Guangdong Science and Technology Project( 2009A01160400), Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(2009Z2-D501), Dongguan Science and Technology Project(200910810208).
Li, etc., “Optimization of double universal coupling using competitive algorithms,” Journal of Gongdong Non-Ferrous Metals, vol. 1, pp.221–223, 2007
Deb, “Optimal design of a welded beam via genetic algorithms,” AIAA journal, vol.29, no.11, pp.2013-2015, 1991

Introduction Wide band gap of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film has very good electrical and optical properties, as an excellent transparent electroconductive film material [1-3].
Acknowledgment The work is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chang Zhou Institute of Technology (YN1105), the Science and Technique Foundation of Chang Zhou (CJ20120001), Natural Science Research Project of University in Jiangsu Province (12KJD510001) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (11247323).
Journal of Applied Physics, 105(2009) 114504 [11] Shah J.
Journal of Applied Physics, 94(2003)2627

Study on TBM Cutterhead Working Principle Heping LIU Dep. of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China liuheping2001@sina.com Keywords: TBM, Cutterhead, Disc cutter, Modeling, Rock-breaking.
Working principle of cutterhead Rock is a nonhomogeneous and nonlinear material.
Acknowledgements The financial support by The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant no. 2010CB736008 and Doctor Research Start-up Project of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology 2009BZ14 are gratefully acknowledged.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 1975,12 (12)：p7-20
International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2007, 44(2):p238-246.

Thermal design and thermal analysis of control cabinet forpattern sewing machine QibingLi1, 2, Yu Huang*, 1, 2, a 1College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology ayuhuang_hust@163.com Key words:pattern sewing machine; control cabinet; thermal design; thermal analysis; optimization design.
Table 1 Parameters of components models Component name Housing material Thermal loss/W Allowabletemperature/oC Servo driver 1 Aluminum 147 80 Servo driver 2 Aluminum 147 80 Servo driver 3 Aluminum 147 80 Servo driver 4 Aluminum 72 80 Servo driver 5 Aluminum 72 80 Servo driver 6 Aluminum 40 80 Stepping driver Aluminum 21 65 Power supply 1 Low-carbon steel 25.4 50 Power supply 2 Low-carbon steel 3.7 50 Control card Low-carbon steel 15 60 In the thermal analysis software, building cabinet model, adding boundary conditions, solver calculating, post-processing, were performed in sequence.
Xi’an, School of Computer Science of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2005
Microelectronics Journal, 2003, 34, P. 223-230
Journal of Air Force Engineering University. 2005, 6(2), p. 62-65

Carboxylic groups were firstly introduced to MWCNTs by oxidation in a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the NAD moistures were further attached by the formation of amide bonds with carboxylic groups under the help of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimidehydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide, which resulted in the coenzyme functionalized materials, MWCNTs-NAD.
In recent years, the electrochemical oxidation of NADH on electrode modified by nano-materials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs), received great interest.
In this article, a coenzyme functionalized material (MWCNTs-NAD) was prepared by linking NAD+ to the surface of MWCNTs.
Materials apparatus Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were purchased from Beijing Nachen S&T Ltd., and NAD+, NADH, NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC: 1.1.1.1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 450 U mg-1), 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES), N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) arbodiimideydrochloride (EDC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were obtained from Sigma.
China and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.06YFJMJC15 000), P.

The chosen values of the Young’s modulus for the different materials are taken from reference [16], section II, Part D.
For relatively small plastic strains the assumed tangent modulus will be likely to underestimate the real stress levels in both materials.
[6] Smallman and Ngan, Physical metallurgy and advanced materials, 7td ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007, p.323
[8] Fukuoka, Nomura and Nishikawa, Journal of pressure Technology, 2012, vol 134, p. 021202-1 to 021202-6
[12] Moverare J., Oden M, Deformation behaviour of a prestained duplex stainless steel, Material science and engineering: A, 337,( 2002),1-2, 25-38

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), processing accuracy was effected by behaviors of molten material.
Pressure was important for removing fused material.
It was reported that the pressure during discharge was influenced by material removal and heat affected zone [2].
Thermal and Fluid Science, 5, 1992, pp. 781-789 [4] H.
Kageyama et al., : Doppler Effect in Flexible and Expandable Light-Waveguide and Development of New Fiber-Optic Vibration/Acoustic Sensor, IEEE Journal of Light Wave Technology, Vol. 24 (4), 2006, pp.1768-1775 [6] Yoshiaki Akematsu et al., Measurement of Acoustic Emission Wave by Using Optical Fiber Sensor during Microsecond Discharge, Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 381-382, 2008, pp 399-402 [7] Yoshiaki Akematsu et al., Detection of Elastic Wave by using Optical Fiber Sensor during Single Pulse Discharge, J.

The crack growth rate and the length at which the cracks stop growing are also influenced by the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the die material.
Calibration and validation of an elasto-viscoplastic material model for a hot work tool steel used in pressure casting dies.
Key Engineering Materials, 345-346 I:685–688, 2007
International Journal of Engineering Science, 16(4):277 – 285, 1978
Effect of material properties on the thermo-mechanical loading and damage of pressure casting dies – a numerical study.