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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Dao Shun Wang, Yuan Yuan Kong
It mainly introduces the method of measuring data and the method of statistical data.
The Method of Measuring Data.
The Method of Statistical Data.
There are three kinds of record data in the instrument: day statistical data records, monthly statistical data records,monthly on-off power data records.
The monthly statistical data are got from the induction and summarization of the day statistical data.
The Method of Measuring Data.
The Method of Statistical Data.
There are three kinds of record data in the instrument: day statistical data records, monthly statistical data records,monthly on-off power data records.
The monthly statistical data are got from the induction and summarization of the day statistical data.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Gisela Lanza, Sebastian Greinacher
Data gathering.
Starting point are highly aggregated data on factory level.
Separate value trees are set up for input (energy, material, manufacturing equipment, and personnel), throughput (machine times, machine states, and order data) and output data (products, emissions), compare [8].
The separate data trees are connected by horizontal calculation rules.
This level requires mainly technical data, e.g. processing and setup times, tool life, and electrical power per machine state.
Starting point are highly aggregated data on factory level.
Separate value trees are set up for input (energy, material, manufacturing equipment, and personnel), throughput (machine times, machine states, and order data) and output data (products, emissions), compare [8].
The separate data trees are connected by horizontal calculation rules.
This level requires mainly technical data, e.g. processing and setup times, tool life, and electrical power per machine state.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Hua Qing Zhou, Sheng Hui Dai
For e.g. in TELNET, a typical packet
contains 1 byte of data.
In large packets the header overhead becomes negligible as its size would be appreciably small when compared with the size of data encapsulated.
Data encapsulation takes place at each layer in terms of control information added as headers and uses a set of protocols to send data down to the next layer.
For e.g., 90% of TELNET and RLOGIN packets carry less than 10 bytes of user data.
Now the datagram with the customized IPv6 header is encapsulated into a frame by the data link layer and sent to the destination host.
In large packets the header overhead becomes negligible as its size would be appreciably small when compared with the size of data encapsulated.
Data encapsulation takes place at each layer in terms of control information added as headers and uses a set of protocols to send data down to the next layer.
For e.g., 90% of TELNET and RLOGIN packets carry less than 10 bytes of user data.
Now the datagram with the customized IPv6 header is encapsulated into a frame by the data link layer and sent to the destination host.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Xi Luo, Xi Min Sun
Besides, with the help of the internal market, circular utilization, transaction cost reduction, resources sharing, merge and reorganization, scarce resources acquisition and other measures to achieve these effects, for example risk diversification, economy of scope effects, economy of scale effects and market promotion effect, etc.
1.
Its outstanding advantage is not to make logical deduction to the assumption that researchers predetermined, but to summarize and analysis the data and naturally present to construct theory.
Research Process 3.1 open coding Data selection and analysis technology in grounded theory is critical to satisfy the promotion, reproducibility, accuracy, rigor and verifiability of research result [[] Hesth H,Cowley S.Developing a grounded theory approach: a comparison of Glaser and Strauss [J].International Journal of Nursing Studies,2004,41( 2) : 141-150. ] .
Summings-up Compared with the present theoretical studies which emphasize the cost reduction caused by industry synergy, we find that synergistic effect have the functions of produce excess profit and social benefit.
Its outstanding advantage is not to make logical deduction to the assumption that researchers predetermined, but to summarize and analysis the data and naturally present to construct theory.
Research Process 3.1 open coding Data selection and analysis technology in grounded theory is critical to satisfy the promotion, reproducibility, accuracy, rigor and verifiability of research result [[] Hesth H,Cowley S.Developing a grounded theory approach: a comparison of Glaser and Strauss [J].International Journal of Nursing Studies,2004,41( 2) : 141-150. ] .
Summings-up Compared with the present theoretical studies which emphasize the cost reduction caused by industry synergy, we find that synergistic effect have the functions of produce excess profit and social benefit.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Anika Zafiah Mohd Rus, M.F. Idaris, Nurul Syamimi M. Salim
The result indicated that increasing the SP content in LDPE or HDPE was responsible to the reduction of tensile strength and elongation at break of the samples, if compared to pure thermoplastic LDPE and HDPE.
Result and Discussion LDPE mechanical properties and morphology Table 2 shows tensile test experimental data for all LDPE/SP compounds developed in this work.
It can be observed in Fig.1 the mechanical behavior of LDPE/ SP compounds and the data were plotted according to the tabulated results in Table 2.
This is probably due to the poor matrix/load interface with low compatibility and LDPE crystallinity reduction.
Result and Discussion LDPE mechanical properties and morphology Table 2 shows tensile test experimental data for all LDPE/SP compounds developed in this work.
It can be observed in Fig.1 the mechanical behavior of LDPE/ SP compounds and the data were plotted according to the tabulated results in Table 2.
This is probably due to the poor matrix/load interface with low compatibility and LDPE crystallinity reduction.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Shuo Liu, Fa Chao Li, Ming Li
In rough set theory, how to measure the attributes significance of the data is a core content.
Introduction In general, the information in the data sets is stored for different learning and mining tasks.
Therefore, for a specific data analysis tasks, attributes in the information system are not equally important, it may also exist redundant or irrelevant information.
An excessive amount of attributes storing in the data set may cause a significant slowdown in the learning process and deteriorate the performance of learning algorithm.
And it can be seen from the example that this approach is feasibility and effectiveness when for different problems, it can provide a new way to deal with the practical application data.
Introduction In general, the information in the data sets is stored for different learning and mining tasks.
Therefore, for a specific data analysis tasks, attributes in the information system are not equally important, it may also exist redundant or irrelevant information.
An excessive amount of attributes storing in the data set may cause a significant slowdown in the learning process and deteriorate the performance of learning algorithm.
And it can be seen from the example that this approach is feasibility and effectiveness when for different problems, it can provide a new way to deal with the practical application data.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: You Po Su, Ming Hui Chen, Xiao Sheng Song
Influence of Span-thickness Ratio on Arching Action of Reinforced Concrete Frame Beams
Chen Ming-hui1, Song Xiao-sheng2, Su You-po2
(1.Tangshan Industrial Vocational Technical College,Hebei Province,Tangshan 063000 2.Hebei Polytechnic Univercity ,Hebei Province,Tangshan 063009)
Key word: span-thickness ratio, reinforced concrete frame beams, arching action
Abstract: This paper mainly deals with the influence of the variety of span-thickness ratio of beams on arching action of reinforced concrete frame beams through trial experiment research and theory analyzes.By experimental study and theoretical analysis,limit carrying capacity of reinforced concrete frame beams can be enhanced largely owing to arching action.The larger span-thickness ratio of beams is,the lower arching action of reinforced concrete frame beams and limit carrying capacity is,but the reduction is disproportionate.
0 Introduction
Reinforced concrete slab on the arching action since the 1950s,many scholars have
Component Number Section size (mm) Net Span (mm) Span-thickness ratio Longitudinal Reinforcement Stirrup Support Mid-span Upper Lower Upper Lower KLK-1 150300 2700 9 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 φ8@80 KLK-2 150300 4200 15 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 φ8@100 KLK-3 150300 5700 19 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 φ8@120 KLK-4 150300 2700 9 3Φ14 2Φ12 3Φ14 2Φ12 φ8@80 KLK-5 150300 4200 15 3Φ14 2Φ12 3Φ14 2Φ12 φ8@100 KLK-6 150300 5700 19 3Φ14 2Φ12 3Φ14 2Φ12 φ8@120 2.3 Observation Design The main observation of this test includes: 1.Observe the relation of the mid-span beams between vertical load and deformation.Because the MTS system can note the dynamic actuator and displacement,it can recordcurve of the whole experiment process; 2.The level of constrainted force on the beam.The level of constrainted force on the beam is bearing the real performance level of constraints,which is one of the key factors that the beam formed arching action,you can set with the test bed at the level of load bearing sensor and record by data
acquisition system; 3.The rotation of constrainted force on the beam.The rotation of constrainted force on the beam is recorded for the test beam rotation constraints bearing situation,you can set with the test bed at the rotation of load bearing sensor and record by data acquisition system; 4.Measure the horizontal stiffness and rotational stiffness.
improvement coefficient of the first group of the beams,the solid line is the improvement coefficient of the second group of the beams.we can see the arching action in the reinforced concrete frame beams,and the existence of arching action can significantly increase the carrying capacity of the frame beams.Through the contrast of the bearing capacity by the factor,we found(Table 3)the first group of the span-thickness ratio raises from 9 to 14, its ratio of limit carrying capacity and calculated carrying capacity decreased by 23.3%; when the span-thickness ratio raises from 14 to 19, reduced 16.1%.the second group of the span-thickness ratio raises from 9 to 14, its ratio of limit carrying capacity and calculated carrying capacity decreased by 24.6%; when the span-thickness ratio raises from 14 to 19, reduced 15.2%.In other words, with the span-thickness ratio raises, the improvement coefficient of carrying capacity decrease gradually,but with the span-thickness ratio raises,the degree of reduction
Fig.4 Enhance coefficient of bearing capacity Table 3 Enhance coefficient of bearing capacity of beams at arching action phase Number Span-thickness Ratio Enhance coefficient of bearing capacity KLK-1 8.85 1.93 KLK-2 14.07 1.60 KLK-3 18.78 1.45 KLK-4 9.00 2.36 KLK-5 14.01 1.92 KLK-6 19.05 1.79 4 Theory results comparison with the experiment results Use three theoretical calculations[4],the theoretical value of the ultimate load compared with the experiment data,the result flows in table 4.Though the analysis and comparison,in order to make the design more safe,we are proposed to calculate the limit carrying capacity by the third method firstly.
Component Number Section size (mm) Net Span (mm) Span-thickness ratio Longitudinal Reinforcement Stirrup Support Mid-span Upper Lower Upper Lower KLK-1 150300 2700 9 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 φ8@80 KLK-2 150300 4200 15 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 φ8@100 KLK-3 150300 5700 19 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 3Φ14 φ8@120 KLK-4 150300 2700 9 3Φ14 2Φ12 3Φ14 2Φ12 φ8@80 KLK-5 150300 4200 15 3Φ14 2Φ12 3Φ14 2Φ12 φ8@100 KLK-6 150300 5700 19 3Φ14 2Φ12 3Φ14 2Φ12 φ8@120 2.3 Observation Design The main observation of this test includes: 1.Observe the relation of the mid-span beams between vertical load and deformation.Because the MTS system can note the dynamic actuator and displacement,it can recordcurve of the whole experiment process; 2.The level of constrainted force on the beam.The level of constrainted force on the beam is bearing the real performance level of constraints,which is one of the key factors that the beam formed arching action,you can set with the test bed at the level of load bearing sensor and record by data
acquisition system; 3.The rotation of constrainted force on the beam.The rotation of constrainted force on the beam is recorded for the test beam rotation constraints bearing situation,you can set with the test bed at the rotation of load bearing sensor and record by data acquisition system; 4.Measure the horizontal stiffness and rotational stiffness.
improvement coefficient of the first group of the beams,the solid line is the improvement coefficient of the second group of the beams.we can see the arching action in the reinforced concrete frame beams,and the existence of arching action can significantly increase the carrying capacity of the frame beams.Through the contrast of the bearing capacity by the factor,we found(Table 3)the first group of the span-thickness ratio raises from 9 to 14, its ratio of limit carrying capacity and calculated carrying capacity decreased by 23.3%; when the span-thickness ratio raises from 14 to 19, reduced 16.1%.the second group of the span-thickness ratio raises from 9 to 14, its ratio of limit carrying capacity and calculated carrying capacity decreased by 24.6%; when the span-thickness ratio raises from 14 to 19, reduced 15.2%.In other words, with the span-thickness ratio raises, the improvement coefficient of carrying capacity decrease gradually,but with the span-thickness ratio raises,the degree of reduction
Fig.4 Enhance coefficient of bearing capacity Table 3 Enhance coefficient of bearing capacity of beams at arching action phase Number Span-thickness Ratio Enhance coefficient of bearing capacity KLK-1 8.85 1.93 KLK-2 14.07 1.60 KLK-3 18.78 1.45 KLK-4 9.00 2.36 KLK-5 14.01 1.92 KLK-6 19.05 1.79 4 Theory results comparison with the experiment results Use three theoretical calculations[4],the theoretical value of the ultimate load compared with the experiment data,the result flows in table 4.Though the analysis and comparison,in order to make the design more safe,we are proposed to calculate the limit carrying capacity by the third method firstly.
Online since: June 2023
Authors: Giovanni Breglio, Michele Riccio, Luca Maresca, Andrea Irace, Ilaria Matacena, Santolo Daliento, Alberto Castellazzi
The peak shifts toward lower Gate voltage as temperature increases, in agreement with the threshold voltage reduction at higher temperature.
The experimental data are obtained using the setup of Fig.1a, the capacitance is measured between Gate and Source terminals, while a DC bias is applied to Drain terminal, VDS.
The distribution is considered uniform along all the SiC/SiO2 interface [16], since no calibration is performed on experimental data.
This result confirms the behavior found in the experimental data.
Moreover, this result agrees with the threshold voltage reduction with increasing temperature.
The experimental data are obtained using the setup of Fig.1a, the capacitance is measured between Gate and Source terminals, while a DC bias is applied to Drain terminal, VDS.
The distribution is considered uniform along all the SiC/SiO2 interface [16], since no calibration is performed on experimental data.
This result confirms the behavior found in the experimental data.
Moreover, this result agrees with the threshold voltage reduction with increasing temperature.
Online since: May 2025
Authors: Temitayo Adesipe, Emeka E.J. Iweala, Abiodun Adebayo
The histogram data was analyzed to determine the size distribution, and TEM pictures were obtained to investigate particles’ size and shape .
When comparing treated individual groups to control, **P < 0.01 indicates a very significant difference in writhing reduction; when comparing treated individual groups to control, ***P <0.001 indicates a more significant difference in writhing reduction; and when comparing treated individual groups to control, ****P<0.0001 indicates an extremely significant difference in writhing reduction.
A properly produced nanoparticle by suitable encapsulation, particle size reduction, and surface modification allows for the creation of an effective pain management formulation [35].
Different researchers have reported different colour change patterns for biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as a result of both AgNO3 reduction and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) stimulation [37,38].
On the other hand, the particles were noted to be spherical in shape with an average size ranging between 4 nm and 5nm using the TEM pictures and histogram data analysis.
When comparing treated individual groups to control, **P < 0.01 indicates a very significant difference in writhing reduction; when comparing treated individual groups to control, ***P <0.001 indicates a more significant difference in writhing reduction; and when comparing treated individual groups to control, ****P<0.0001 indicates an extremely significant difference in writhing reduction.
A properly produced nanoparticle by suitable encapsulation, particle size reduction, and surface modification allows for the creation of an effective pain management formulation [35].
Different researchers have reported different colour change patterns for biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as a result of both AgNO3 reduction and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) stimulation [37,38].
On the other hand, the particles were noted to be spherical in shape with an average size ranging between 4 nm and 5nm using the TEM pictures and histogram data analysis.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Wolfgang Blum, Philip Eisenlohr
Figure 3 shows the evolution of the maximum deformation resistance of Cu after passes of ECAP (route BC) deduced from experimental data [15].
In some cases where no relative extremum occurred, for instance for , the data correspond to the absolute extrema.
While the model is not altogether satisfactory, because it rests on empirical data for the steady-state spacings, it contains a number of observed features of deformation and can be fitted to measured data without losing important microstructural aspects.
Arrows point at data for boundaries in bicrystals where concurrent bulk deformation was occurring.
At this point we note that the curves shown in Fig. 3 were not generated by fitting the measured data points.
In some cases where no relative extremum occurred, for instance for , the data correspond to the absolute extrema.
While the model is not altogether satisfactory, because it rests on empirical data for the steady-state spacings, it contains a number of observed features of deformation and can be fitted to measured data without losing important microstructural aspects.
Arrows point at data for boundaries in bicrystals where concurrent bulk deformation was occurring.
At this point we note that the curves shown in Fig. 3 were not generated by fitting the measured data points.