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Detecting damage in a structure by monitoring has been an important task throughout the literature devoted to aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering.
Güemes: Key Engineering Materials.

Garcia 3,f 1 Fluminense Federal University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420 - 27255-125 - Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil 2 Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - IFPA PO Box 479, 420 - 66093-020 - Belém, PA, Brazil 3 Department of Materials Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6122 - 13083-970 - Campinas, SP, Brazil a ileao@metal.eeimvr.uff.br, b djmoutinho@fem.unicamp.br, c lgouvea@fem.unicamp.br, d otvrocha@oi.com.br, e pedrogoulart1951@yahoo.com.br, f amaurig@fem.unicamp.br Keywords: Solidification, Microstructure, Numerical model.
The key variable in this calculation is the nodal liquid fraction calculated in the previous step.

Back-Propagation Neural Network on Characterization of Groundwater Quality in Pingtung Champaign, Taiwan Yi-Chu Huang1, Ping-Kuei Tang1,Yu-Chun Lee2, Ya-Ru Lin1 1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 2Pingtung County Environmental Protection Bureau aych@mail.npust.edu.tw Key words: cluster analysis, back-propagation neural network, groundwater quality Abstract.
Materials and Methods Study Area.
Papaspyros, An artificial neural network model and design equations for BOD and COD removal prediction in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Chemical Engineering J., Vol. 143 (2008), pp. 96-110

Materials and Methods 2.1.
Baghshahi, Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum basilicum cultured under controlled conditions for bactericidal application, Materials Science & Engineering C 98 (2019) 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.090 [3] Z.
Duman, Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut): Evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant and drug releasesystem activities, Materials Science & Engineering C (2019) doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110207
Mukhopadhyay, Antioxidant activity of phytosynthesized biomatrix-loaded noble metallic nanoparticles, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 26 (2018) 1200–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2017.12.014 [38] I.
Zia, PVP and PEG doped CuO nanoparticles are more biologically active: Antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic perspective, Materials Science and Engineering C 79 (2017) 108–115. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.006

Polyurethanes are a distinct class of materials with tremendous industrial importance, and it is of interest to develop these materials with modified thermal and liquid crystalline behavior for advanced applications.
Polyurethanes Polyurethanes comprise a class of versatile materials used in every sphere of life.
Main chain liquid crystalline polymers found application as high strength materials [78].
Bruce, in: Inorganic Materials, edited by D.W.
(c) Liquid Crystalline Polymers, p 509 of Polymers: an Encyclopaedic Sourcebook of Engineering Properties, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA (1987)

School of Civil Engineering &Architecture,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China ayaoyongsheng23@163.com,btbm@netease.com,czjl@csust.edu.cn, dzhuhongzhouchina@126.com Keywords: volcanic rock; density; porosity; velocity; resistivity Abstract.
2564 59 4.93 9.96 512.4 2.70 10.71 2941 2326 60 4.93 9.93 473.1 2.50 17.31 3125 2439 61 4.93 9.92 415.0 2.19 27.40 2632 2174 62 4.93 9.95 476.0 2.51 16.97 2326 2128 63 4.94 9.93 473.8 2.49 17.53 2564 2222 64 4.93 9.94 512.7 2.70 10.48 3125 2564 65 4.93 9.87 444.0 2.36 21.93 2778 2326 66 4.93 9.91 507.6 2.68 11.10 2941 2564 67 4.93 9.94 410.8 2.17 28.27 2941 2439 68 4.93 9.9 498.0 2.64 12.70 2857 2439 69 4.93 9.96 428.9 2.26 25.26 2632 2222 70 4.93 9.94 500.6 2.64 12.60 3125 2564 Porosity, saturated water absorption and moisture test Porosity test.The porosity of rock including open-porosity and close-porosity, the sum of open- porosity and close-porosity called total porosity.Of course,the porosity of rock had considerable influence for their physical properties.According to the gross volume of rock and the particle density(in this paper,the range of particle density is 2.44 g/cm3 ~ 3.02 g/cm3,considered the calculation did not appear negative and the safety of engineering
Fig.4 The velocity of P-wave and S-wave under the condition of different porosities Resistivity Test At the exploration phase of the road construction in the cavity area of lava, needed to use the technology of geophysical for exploration, and high-density electrical method as an effective mean, also widely used in the exploration of highway engineering.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Project of the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Repulic of China(2011318346770), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA112504), National Natural Science Foundation of China(51108048), National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB411910), the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Road Structure & Material of Ministry of Communications(Changsha) (kfj110202) ,Project of the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Repulic of China(2009318000062) and Project of the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Repulic of China (2009-319-825-090).
Highway .2012.10 [4] A.A.Al-Harthi,R.M.Al-Amri,W.M.Shehata.The porosity and engineering properties of vesicular basalt in Saudi Arabia[J].Engineering Geology 54(1999)313-320 [5] Plank T,Langmuir C H.

Frazzon3,d and Ricardo Pimentel3,e 1 BIBA - Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH at the University of Bremen, Hochschulring 20, 28359 Bremen, Germany 2 Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany * 3 Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus UFSC, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil akue@biba.uni-bremen.de, behm@biba.uni-bremen.de, cfre@biba.uni-bremen.de, denzo.frazzon@ufsc.br, epimentel.egm@gmail.com Submitted by: Prof.
In the simulation process, the model represents the structure, the elements, their key characteristics, behaviours and functions of the selected physical or abstract system.
Uncertainty with known probability distribution, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 31 (2007) 171-195
Herroelen, Heuristic procedures for reactive project scheduling, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 52 (2007) 11-28
Taylor, Simulation as an essential tool for advanced manufacturing technology problems, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 107 (2000) 412-424

Full-Scale Experimental Investigations on Seismic Performance of Square RC Frame Columns with Hollow Sections Cantian Yang1,2,a, Aiqun Li1,2,b, Yue Chen1,c, Linlin Xie1,d * 1School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China 2School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China ayangcantian@outlook.com, bliaiqun@bucea.edu.cn, cleo.chen@stu.bucea.edu.cn dxielinlin@bucea.edu.cn Keywords: RC frame column with a hollow section, concrete, spiral stirrups at section corners, seismic performance, full-scale experimental investigation.
Introduction Reinforced concrete (RC) columns with a cavity, such as bridge piers with a hollow section, are widely used in bridge engineering [1-11] owing to their good seismic performance and economic benefits.
The materials used for the concrete and reinforcements were C40 (design compressive strength of 19.1 MPa) and HRB400 (design tensile strength of 360 MPa) [16], respectively.
UDC2016030200), and the Research project of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (KYJJ2017005, X18128) References [1] Mander JB, Priestley MJN, Park R., Behaviour of ductile hollow reinforced concrete columns.
[2] Mander JB., Experimental behavior of ductile hollow reinforced concrete columns, Proceedings of the 8th world conference on earthquake engineering 6 (1984) 529-536

Materials and Methods Material.
Fracture toughness of the materials in welded joint of X80 pipeline steel.
Advanced Engineering Letters. 3 (2024) 30-35. https://doi.org/10.46793/adeletters.2024.3.1.4
Relations between the S–N, ɛ–N and da/dN-∆ K curves of materials.
Berlin, Germany: Texture of Materials: Vol.

China, chenyh_bill@hotmail.com 2 School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.
China, tlshi@public.wh.hb.cn 3 School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering.
IMechE Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science.
Yarita: Problems of friction, lubrication, and materials for rolls in the rolling technology.